Table 2.
NEE800 F | NEE800 P | GPP800 F | GPP800 P | Re F | Re P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | ||||||
Soil OM content | 0.2 | 0.687 | 6.8 | 0.026 | 41.0 | <0.001 |
Vascular plant cover | 9.3 | 0.014 | 29.2 | <0.001 | 42.6 | <0.001 |
Lichen cover | 20.5 | 0.001 | 8.4 | 0.015 | 27.4 | 0.001 |
Moss cover | 1.8 | 0.211 | 0.1 | 0.712 | 7.6 | 0.024 |
Date (D) | 46.5 | <0.001 | 121 | <0.001 | 136 | <0.001 |
Warming (W) | 2.0 | 0.190 | 4.6 | 0.062 | 3.1 | 0.119 |
Herbivory reduction (H) | 5.7 | 0.043 | 13.2 | 0.006 | 11.6 | 0.010 |
W × H | 1.0 | 0.352 | 3.5 | 0.094 | 7.0 | 0.030 |
W × D | 2.9 | 0.029 | 1.3 | 0.282 | 1.3 | 0.286 |
H × D | 1.1 | 0.355 | 1.6 | 0.188 | 0.8 | 0.541 |
W × H × D | 0.2 | 0.916 | 0.5 | 0.766 | 0.3 | 0.891 |
2018 | ||||||
Soil OM content | 0.02 | 0.895 | 2.4 | 0.153 | 10.2 | 0.011 |
Vascular plant cover | 0.7 | 0.411 | 8.8 | 0.014 | 26.6 | 0.001 |
Lichen cover | 8.2 | 0.016 | 3.5 | 0.085 | 2.0 | 0.185 |
Moss cover | 5.2 | 0.046 | 7.6 | 0.018 | 2.8 | 0.125 |
Date (D) | 31.5 | <0.001 | 60.8 | <0.001 | 87.4 | <0.001 |
Warming (W) | 13.2 | 0.006 | 13.9 | 0.004 | 1.6 | 0.239 |
Herbivory reduction (H) | 8.3 | 0.020 | 13.1 | 0.006 | 7.3 | 0.033 |
W × H | 0.4 | 0.534 | 1.3 | 0.280 | 1.7 | 0.238 |
W × D | 1.5 | 0.129 | 1.2 | 0.264 | 2.4 | 0.008 |
H × D | 1.3 | 0.215 | 1.3 | 0.223 | 0.4 | 0.944 |
W × H × D | 1.5 | 0.154 | 1.4 | 0.158 | 0.7 | 0.775 |
Treatment effects on net ecosystem exchange (NEE800), gross primary production (GPP800), and ecosystem respiration (Re) were tested using repeated measures linear mixed models and Type I ANOVA (with two-sided significance tests), where the variance is allocated to explanatory variables in the order of their appearance. Soil organic matter (OM) content and cover of vascular plants, lichens, and mosses are continuous variables that describe the variation among the experimental plots prior to the establishment of the experiment. They were used in the models as covariates to remove plot-to-plot variation that might otherwise confound the treatment effects. Years were analyzed separately (N = 100 for 2017, N = 240 for 2018). Date was treated as a repeated measure, warming and herbivory reduction as fixed effects, and treatment block (not reported) as a random effect. F and P indicate F-statistics and P-values respectively; P < 0.05 are in bold.