Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Cases and Controls
| Variable | Fungal PJI (n-41) | Bacterial PJI (n=41) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age median years (range) | 64.7 (43.9-81.4) | 66.7 (14.3-89.1) | NS |
| Female | 21 (51%) | 20 (48%) | NS |
| Race white | 36 (87%) | 36 (87%) | NS |
| Prosthesis location | |||
| Hip | 21 (51%) | 21 (51%) | |
| Knee | 19 (46%) | 19 (46%) | |
| Shoulder | 1 (2.4%) | 1 (2.4%) | |
| Joint age median days (range) | 515 (17-5,949) | 1,321(37-7,595) | .057 |
| Host Factors | |||
| BMI median (range) | 29 (10-106) | 29 (24-61) | .35 |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| None | 19 (46.3%) | 20 (48.7%) | |
| 1-3 | 21 (51.2%) | 20 (48.7%) | |
| >3 | 1 (2.4%) | 1 (2.4%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (19.5%) | 5 (12.1) | NS |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5 (12.1) | 7 (17%) | NS |
| Immunosuppression | 11 (26.8) | 5 (12.1) | NS |
| Malignancy | 5 (12%) | 1 (2.4%) | NS |
| AKI/HD | 6 (14%) | 2 (4.8%) | NS |
| Prior antibiotics (in last 3 months) | 29 (70.7%) | 14 (34%) | .001 |
| Clinical presentation and local wound factors | |||
| Erythema | 12 (29.2) | 18 (43.9) | NS |
| Sinus tract | 21(51%) | 12 (29.2%) | .07 |
| Pain | 41 (100%) | 39 (95%) | NS |
| Fever | 5 (12.1%) | 8 (19.5%) | NS |
| Swelling/cyst | 30 (73.1%) | 28 (68.2%) | NS |
| Wound drainage (>5 days) | 20 (48%) | 4 (9%) | .0002 |
| Duration of symptoms median days (range) | 30.0 (1-910) | 12.0 (1-1,213) | .08 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| CRP median (range) (mg/dl)a (39a/40b) | 2.95 (0.30-23.9) | 5.99 (0.04-38.6) | .0132 |
| Sedimentation rate median (range) (39a) | 45.0( 6-130) | 55.0 (0.9-130) | NS |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 (0.5-1.7) | 1.0 (0.5-9.1) | NS |
| Synovial fluid leukocyte (cells/mm3) median (range) (24a/26b) | 13,953 (157-84,378) | 33,198 (350-251,049) | .007 |
| Surgical factors | |||
| Surgical site infection | 4 (9%) | 1 (2.4%) | NS |
| Loosening | 11 (26.8%) | 9 (21.9%) | NS |
| Soft tissue compromise | 7 (17%) | 2 (4.8%) | NS |
| Prior operation at the index joint | 36 (87.8%) | 28 (68.2%) | .06 |
| Prior two stage exchange | 34 (82.9%) | 22 (53.6%) | .008 |
Abbreviations: NS, not significant; PJI, prosthetic joint infection. a Number of cases for whom risk factor data were available. b Number of controls for whom risk factor data were available.