Table 3.
Stool pathogen reduction, follow-up stool specimens, probiotic versus placebo, log10 transformed copies/gm stool*.
| Probiotics N; Log10 reduction | Placebo N; Log10 reduction | Difference (95%CI)‡ | P-value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 0–Day 5 | ||||
| Adenovirus, mean (SD) | 25; 3.10 (2.27) | 19; 2.64 (2.02) | 0.46 (−0.87, 1.79) | 0.489 |
| Adenovirus, median (IQR) | 25; 3.25 (1.22, 5.09) | 19; 2.59 (0.98, 4.43) | 0.45 (−0.98, 1.85,) | 0.462 |
| Norovirus, mean (SD) | 29; 0.49 (1.44) | 43; 0.80 (1.86) | −0.31 (−1.13, 0.50) | 0.445 |
| Norovirus, median (IQR) | 29; 0.40 (−0.53, 0.98) | 43; 0.47 (0.18, 1.05) | −0.24 (−0.76, 0.21) | 0.349 |
| Rotavirus, mean (SD) | 28; 2.79 (2.60) | 21; 1.23 (5.02) | 1.56 (−0.90, 4.02) | 0.206 |
| Rotavirus, median (IQR) | 28; 2.77 (1.11, 4.79) | 21; 2.96 (0.41, 4.25) | 0.49 (−1.08, 2.11) | 0.423 |
| Day 0–Day 28 | ||||
| Adenovirus, mean (SD) | 14; 10.12 (3.06) | 8; 10.39 (2.37) | −0.27 (−2.90, 2.35) | 0.831 |
| Adenovirus, median (IQR) | 14; 11.54 (6.04, 12.53) | 8; 11.40 (8.08, 12.04) | −0.042 (−2.00, 2.00,) | 0.973 |
| Norovirus, mean (SD) | 18; 5.79 (2.39) | 24; 5.57 (2.35) | 0.22 (−1.27, 1.71) | 0.768 |
| Norovirus, median (IQR) | 18; 4.91 (4.10, 8.97) | 24; 4.90 (3.54, 7.14) | 0.44 (−1.31, 1.73) | 0.576 |
| Rotavirus, mean (SD) | 12; 9.92 (2.30) | 6; 6.02 (7.22) | 3.89 (−3.66, 11.45) | 0.249 |
| Rotavirus, median (IQR) | 12; 9.30 (7.87, 12.28) | 6; 8.71 (−1.40, 12.00) | 1.23 (−1.59, 12.22) | 0.616 |
| Day 5–Day 28 | ||||
| Adenovirus, mean (SD) | 14; 7.19 (2.22) | 8; 6.80 (1.86) | 0.38 (−1.55, 2.32) | 0.684 |
| Adenovirus, median (IQR) | 14; 7.72 (5.45, 8.40) | 8; 6.63 (5.14, 8.55) | 0.23 (−1.37, 2.50) | 0.868 |
| Norovirus, mean (SD) | 23; 5.62 (2.36) | 26; 4.83 (2.40) | 0.79 (−0.58, 2.16) | 0.252 |
| Norovirus, median (IQR) | 23; 4.74 (4.08, 7.63) | 26; 4.30 (2.81, 6.63) | 0.84 (−0.61, 1.94) | 0.167 |
| Rotavirus, mean (SD) | 13; 6.79 (3.37) | 8; 6.64 (2.77) | 0.16 (−2.82, 3.13) | 0.914 |
| Rotavirus, median (IQR) | 13; 5.86 (4.20, 10.32) | 8; 5.95 (4.71, 8.52) | −0.157 (−2.48, 3.52) | 0.916 |
SD standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range.
*All mean and median values represent Log10 transformed copies of gram per stool reduction (i.e., Day 0 value less the Day 5 value).
†Statistical significance assessed using Student’s T-Test and Mann–Whitney U Test for means and medians, respectively. The P-values reported are two-sided and unadjusted for multiple comparison. A P-value <0.0028 is statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparison using Bonferroni method (n = 18).
‡Hodges–Lehmann estimate test to calculate median difference.