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. 2020 May 21;10:8451. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64423-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Summary of the mean relaxivity rates (where the top of each bar indicates the mean) and standard deviations (indicated in one direction by the ‘T’ beyond each bar plot). These are listed for (A) R₂ with FSE, (B) R₂* with a Cartesian mGE, (C) R₂* with multi-echo 3D Cones, and signal loss ratios of 3D cones between (D) the first and second echo, (E) the first and fifth echo, and the (F) the second and fifth echo. A plus ‘+’ indicates the measurements in joints injected with SPIOs; a negative ‘−’ indicates the lack of SPIOs; a star ‘*’ indicates if the t-test p-value was below 0.15.