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. 2020 May 21;10:8451. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64423-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ovine stifles imaged with 3D cones four weeks post creation of an osteochondral defect in the distal femoral condyle. (A–D) Joints that received an injection of SPIO-labelled MSCs 1 week post-surgery; (E–H) Joints that received an injection of unlabelled MSCs 1 week post-surgery; (I–L) Joints that did not have MSCs injected. (A,E,I) were imaged at TE = 0.03 ms; (B,F,J) were imaged at TE = 4.0 ms; (C,G,K) were imaged at TE = 16.1 ms. (D,H,L) represents the subtraction image of the first two TEs, highlighting the difference between (A,E,I,B,F,J). The defect has either similar or higher signal intensity than bone in the single echo time/column (A,E,I), regardless of method. The introduction of SPIOs do not cause increased defect decay, which would make the image in (C) darker.