Table 1.
Characteristics of observational studies comparing T2MI with T1MI
| Study first author (year of publication) | Design | Countries | Enrollment periods | No. of patients with MI | No. of centres/countries | Key inclusion criteria | Key exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arora (2018) | Retrospective | United States | 2013-2014 | 1039 | Single centre | All patients with NSTEMI | STEMI, transferred in, no available troponins, cardiac arrest |
| Baron (2014) | Prospective (SWEDEHEART Study) | Sweden | 2011 | 18,891 | 73 Swedish hospitals | MI hospitalized in Sweden | None |
| Cediel (2016) | Retrospective | Spain | 2012-2013 | 570 | Single university centre | All adults with at least 1 value of troponin tested | Cardiac arrest, alternate diagnoses other than MI, lived far |
| Chapman (2018) | Prospective | Scotland | 2009-2009 | 1600 | 1 tertiary centre | All patients with elevated troponin values | Admitted for elective procedures, incomplete electronic hospital records, and nonresidents |
| Gonzalez (2011) | Retrospective | United States | 2004-2007 | 348 | 1 tertiary centre | All MI with ≥ 50% coronary stenosis on angiogram and ≥ 24-mo follow-up | Terminal diseases, refused standard MI treatment, no obstructive coronary artery disease |
| Greenslade (2017) | Pooled study of 1 prospective observational and 1 interventional study | Australia | 2008-2014 | 152 | Single tertiary centre | Adults with MI who could provide consent, enrollment during regular working hours | Pregnant, lived far |
| Javed (2009) | Prospective | United States | 2009 | 207 | Single centre | All adults with ≥ 1 abnormal troponin value who provided consent | Refusal to participate |
| Lambrecht (2018) | Prospective study | Denmark | 2010 | 479 | Single centre | All patients with at least 1 troponin ≥ 99th percentile normal value | Pregnant, lived outside catchment area |
| Lopez-Cuenca (2016) | Retrospective | Spain | 2012-2013 | 824 | Single veterans tertiary centre | All patients with MI | None |
| Nestelberger (2017) | Retrospective | Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Spain, Poland | 2006-2015 | 924 | 12 centres/5 countries | Adults within 12 h of ischemic symptoms | Unclear diagnosis |
| Neumann (2017) | Prospective | Germany | 2013-2016 | 287 | Single university centre | Adults with suspected MI who could provide consent | Missing troponins, STEMI |
| Radovanovic (2016) | Prospective (AMIS-PLUS) | Switzerland | 2009-2015 | 14,920 | 53 Swiss hospitals | All patients hospitalized with MI in Switzerland | None |
| Raphael (2020) | Prospective | United States | 2003-2012 | 2, 436 | Mayo Clinic and Olmstead Medical Center | Adults with ≥ 1 available troponin value | Prior MI, refused to consent, unclear cause for elevation of troponin |
| Saaby (2014) | Prospective | Denmark | 2010 | 488 | Single centre | Adults with ≥ 1 available troponin value | Outside catchment area, troponins administered outside the hospital |
| Sandoval (2015) | Retrospective | United States | 2013 | 310 | Single centre | Adults with ≥ 1 available troponin value | None |
| Sandoval (2017) | Prospective (UTROPIA Study) | United States | 2011 | 217 | Single centre | All patients who provided consent and with ≥ 2 troponins and 1 ECG within 24 h | Pregnant,transferred in patients, did not present to the emergency department |
| Shah (2015) | Prospective | Scotland | 2014 | 1600 | Single centre | All patients with troponin I ≥ 50 ng/L | None |
| Smilowitz (2018) | Prospective | United States | 2012-2013 | 283 | Single veterans tertiary centre | All patients with elevated troponin values | None |
| Stein (2014) | Prospective national Israel registry (ACSIS Registry) | Israel | 2008-2010 | 2818 | Nationwide Israel multicentres (26 intensive and 37 medical wards) | All patients with MI | None |
ACSIS, Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey; AMIS-PLUS, National Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Switzerland; ECG, electrocardiogram; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non–ST-segment myocardial infarction; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; SWEDEHEART, Swedish Web-System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies; T1MI, type 1 myocardial infarction; T2MI, type 2 myocardial infarction; UTROPIA, Use of Troponin in Acute Coronary Syndromes.