Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| All patients with available medication information (N = 101,931) N (%) |
|
|---|---|
| Median age (IQR), y | 80.7 (73.9-82.3) |
| <65 | 6724 (6.6) |
| 65-75 | 22,126 (21.7) |
| ≥75 | 73,081 (71.7) |
| Women | 52,402 (51.4) |
| Hypertension | 32,578 (32.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 16,832 (16.5) |
| Coronary artery disease | 27,323 (26.8) |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 11,464 (11.2) |
| Valvular disease | 27,831 (27.3) |
| Valve replacement | 2847 (2.8) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 16,505 (16.2) |
| Chronic renal failure | 14,456 (14.2) |
| Prior stroke (including transient ischemic attack) | 2095 (2.1) |
| Liver disease | 2241 (2.2) |
| Vascular disease | 11,996 (11.8) |
| Prior major bleeding | 4155 (4.1) |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator | 2566 (2.5) |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 9608 (9.4) |
| Median CHA2DS2-VASc score | 4 (3-4) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 | 98,939 (97.1) |
| Median HAS-BLED score | 1 (1-2) |
| Medications | |
| OAC | 55,576 (54.5) |
| Warfarin | 48,547 (47.6) |
| DOAC | 8607 (8.4) |
| Dabigatran | 2999 (2.9) |
| Rivaroxaban | 3105 (3.0) |
| Apixaban | 3050 (3.0) |
| Antiarrhythmic medication | 15,018 (14.8) |
| Amiodarone | 10,152 (10.0) |
| Sotalol | 3333 (3.3) |
| Class 1 antiarrhythmic | 2443 (2.4) |
| Digoxin | 25,140 (24.7) |
| β-Blocker | 50,766 (49.8) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 40,462 (39.7) |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 18,324 (18.0) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 17,646 (17.3) |
| Diuretic | 70,839 (69.5) |
The distribution of patient characteristics at cohort entry is shown and does not include the comorbidities, devices, and medications acquired during the follow-up period that are included in the analysis. Prevalence of patient characteristics is lower because they are measured at the time of initial AF-HF disease diagnosis, and more patients develop the comorbidities over time in the cohort.
DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; IQR, interquartile range; OAC, oral anticoagulant.