Table 1.

Summary of previous studies on information transmission in biological systems (this table is modified from Uda and Kuroda (2016))

Authors	Measurement technique	Sender	Receiver	Biological System	Main result
Tkačik et al.	Snapshot	Bicoid	Hunchback	Transcription factor, gene expression	Comparing information transmission in vivo to channel capacity
Cheong et al.	Snapshot	TNF	NFĸB, ATF-2	Nuclear translocation, protein phosphorylation	Information transmission by multiple molecular species
Uda et al.	Snapshot	Growth factors, ERK, CREB	ERK, CREB, c-FOS, EGR1	Protein phosphorylation, gene production	Robustness and compensation of information transmission
Selimkhanov et al.	Live imaging	EGF	ERK	Protein phosphorylation, small molecule, nuclear translocation	Information transmission by temporal pattern
		ATP	Ca2+
		LPS	NFĸB
Keshelava et al.	Live imaging	Acetylcholine	Ca2+	G protein-coupled receptor signaling	Information transmission at a single cell level