Table 1.
List of relevant abbreviations by section
| The formation and regulation of membrane-less cellular organelles | pp. 2 |
| Abbreviation | Full description |
| IDR | Intrinsically disordered region |
| LC domain | Low-complexity domain |
| LLPS | Liquid-liquid phase separation |
| P-body | Processing body |
| PML Body | Promyoelocytic leukemia body |
| rRNA | Ribosomal RNA |
| Stress granule assembly, regulation, and diseases | pp. 2–4 |
| Abbreviation | Full description |
| ALS | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| C9orf72 | Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 |
| cNLS | Canonical NLS |
| FG-repeats | Phenylalanine-Glycine repeats |
| FUS | Fused in sarcoma |
| G3BP1 | G3BP stress granule assembly factor 1 or GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein 1 |
| GA | Glycine-Alanine |
| GP | Glycine-Proline |
| GR | Glycine-Arginine |
| hnRNPA1 | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 |
| HRE | Hexanucleotide repeat expansion |
| HSP70 | Heat shock protein 70 |
| Impα/β | Importinα/β |
| Kapβ | Karyopherinβ |
| Kapβ2 | Karyopherinβ2 |
| MBP | Maltose-binding protein |
| NIR | Nuclear import receptor |
| NLS | Nuclear localization signal |
| PA | Proline-Alanine |
| PR | Proline-Arginine |
| PY-NLS | Proline-tyrosine NLS |
| RBP | RNA-binding protein |
| SG | Stress granule |
| TDP-43 | Transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa |
| A new view of chromatin behavior | pp. 4–5 |
| Abbreviation | Full description |
| BRD4 | Bromodomain-containing protein 4 |
| Modulating chromatin structure—compaction and decompaction | pp. 5 |
| Abbreviation | Full description |
| C-terminal | Carboxy-terminal or COOH-terminal |
| CD | Chromodomain |
| CRISPR | Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats |
| CSD | Chromoshadow domain |
| H3K9me3 | Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 |
| Hi-C | High-throughput chromosome conformation capture |
| hnRNPs | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins |
| HP1 | Heterochromatin protein 1 |
| SAF-A | Scaffold attachment factor A |
| Swi6 | Chromoshadow domain of the S. pombe HP1 protein |
| Distinct microenvironment on chromatin | pp. 6 |
| Abbreviation | Full description |
| CTD | C-terminal domain |
| EWS | Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 |
| FET family proteins | FUS, EWS, and TAF15 |
| lncRNA | Long non-coding RNA |
| MED1 | Mediator complex subunit 1 |
| NEAT1 | Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 |
| pol II | RNA polymerase II |
| TAF15 | TATA-binding protein-associated factor 2 N |
| Tsix | The antisense repressor of XIST |
| XIST RNA | X-inactive specific transcript RNA |
| Aqueous two-phase systems | pp. 7–8 |
| Abbreviation | Full description |
| ATPS | Aqueous two-phase system |
| PEG | poly (ethylene) glycol |
| Polyester microdroplets | pp. 8–9 |
| Abbreviation | Full description |
| αHA | Alpha hydroxy acid |
| Techniques to observe structure and dynamics of phase-separated proteins | pp. 8–9 |
| Abbreviation | Full description |
| FRAP | Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching |
| Solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) | pp. 9–10 |
| Abbreviation | Full description |
| HSQC | Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy |
| NMR | Nuclear magnetic resonance |
| PCS | Pseudocontact shift |
| PFG-NMR | Pulsed-field gradient-nuclear magnetic resonance |
| PRE | Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement |
| RDC | Residual dipolar coupling |
| TROSY | Transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy |
| Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) | pp. 10 |
| Abbreviation | Full description |
| DEER | Double electron-electron resonance |
| EPR | Electron paramagnetic resonance |
| SDSL | Site-directed spin label |
| Other biochemical and biophysical methods | pp. 10–11 |
| Abbreviation | Full description |
| AFM | Atomic force microscopy |
| Cryo-EM | Cryo-electron microscopy |
| Micro-ED | Micro-electron diffraction |
| NAI | N-acetylimidazole |
| SILAC | Stable isotope labeling by/with amino acids in cell culture |