Table 1.

Summary of studies on the antimicrobial activities of endophytes.

Endophytes	Plant host	Activity	Compounds	Class of compound	References
Endophytic bacteria
B. subtilis	–	Antifungal	Bacilysocin	Phospholipid	Tamehiro et al., 2002
B. substilis	Allanmands cathartica	Antifungal	Terpene	Terpenoids	Nithya and Muthumary, 2011
B. substilis	–	Antibacterial	Subtilin	Peptides	Singh et al., 2017
Bacillus atrophaeus, Bacillus mojavensis	Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Licorice)	Antifungal	1,2-bezenedicarboxyl acid, Methyl ester, Decanodioic acid, bis(2-ehtylhexyl) ester	Polyketides	Mohamad et al., 2018
Lysinibacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus species	Combretum molle	Antibacterial	–		Diale et al., 2018
B. licheniformis, B. subtilis subsp. Inaquosorum, and B. pumilus	Moringa peregrina	Antibacterial and antifungal	–		Aljuraifani et al., 2019
Endophytic fungi
Phoma sp.	Cinnamomum mollissimum	Antifungal	5-hydroxyramulsin	Polyketides	Santiago et al., 2012
Geotrichum candidum, Cylindrocladium sp. Fusarium sp. Cladosporium cladosporioides sp., Mucor pusillus, Rhizopus sp., and Alternaria alternata	Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir	Antibacterial and antifungal	–		Pai and Chandra, 2018
Phompsis sp.	Aconitum carmichaeli	Antifungal	Gavodermside and Clavasterols	Steroids	Wu et al., 2013
Xylaria sp. F0010	Abies holophylla	Antifungal	Griseofulvin	–	Park et al., 2005
Chaetomium globosum	Ginkgo biloba	Antifungal	Chaetomugilin A and D	Azaphilone derivative	Qin et al., 2009
Pestalotiopsis mangiferae	Mangifera indica Linn	Antibacterial	4-(2,4,7-trioxa-bicyclo[4,10]-heptan-3-yl)	Phenols	Subban et al., 2013
Aspergillus sp.	Bauhinia guianensis	Antibacterial	Fumigaclavine C and Pseurtotin C	Alkaloids	Pinheiro et al., 2013
Phomopsis sp., Botryosphaeria sp.	Garcinia sp.	Antibacterial and antifungal	–	–	Phongpaichit et al., 2006
Nigrospora sphaerica (URM-6060) and Pestalotiopsis maculans (URM-6061)	Indigofera suffruticosa Miller	Antibacterial	–	–	Santos et al., 2015
MR1B and MRB.2	Catharanthus roseus and Euphorbia hirta	Antibacterial and antifungal	Citreoisocoumarin, paxilline, nigricinol, fatty acid, sceptrin, cladosporin	Isocoumarin derivative	Akpotu et al., 2017
Endophytic actinomycetes
Streptomyces noursei	–	Antifungal	Nystatin	Steroids	Fjærvik and Zotchev, 2005
Streptomyces sp.	–	Antibacterial	Harmaomycin	Peptide derivatives	Bae et al., 2015
Streptomyces remosus	–	Antifungal	Tetracyclin	Steroids	Nelson, 2001
Streptomyces sp.	Grevillea pteridifolia	Antibacterial	Kakadumycin A Echinodermycin	Peptides	Castillo et al., 2003
Streptomyces sp. TP-A0595	Allium tuberosum	Antifungal	6-Prenylindole	Alkaloids	Singh and Dubey, 2018
Aeromicrobium ponti	Vochysia divergens	Antibacterial	1-Acetyl-β-carboline, Indole-3-carbaldehyde, 3-(Hydroxyacetyl)-Indole, Brevianamide F, and Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe)	Alkaloids	Gos et al., 2017
Streptomyces sp. neau-D50	Glycine max	Antifungal	3-Acetonylidene-7-Prenylindolin-2-one and 7-Isoprenylindole-3-carboxylic acid	Alkaloids	Zhang et al., 2014
Actinosynnema pretiosum	Maytenus serrata	Antibacterial	Ansamitocin	Polyketides	Siyu-Mao, 2013
Streptomyces sp. TP-A0456	Aucuba japonica	Antibacterial	Cedarmycin A and B	Terpenes and Terpenoids	Sasaki et al., 2001
Streptomyces aureofaciens CMUAc130	Zingiber officinale	Antifungal	5,7-Dimethoxy-4-pmethoxylphenylcoumarin; 5,7-Dimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin	Coumarins	Taechowisan et al., 2007
Streptomyces sp. BT01	Boesenbergia rotunda (L.)	Antibacterial	7-Methoxy-3, 3′,4′,6-tetrahydroxyflavone and 2′,7-Dihydroxy-4′,5′-Dimethoxyisoflavone, Fisetin, Naringenin, 3′-Hydroxydaidzein, Xenognosin	Flavonoids	Taechowisan et al., 2014
Streptomyces sp. DSM 1175	Alnus glutinosa	Antibacterial	Alnumycin	Quinones	Singh and Dubey, 2018
Dactylosporangium sp. strain SANK 61299	Cucubalus sp.	Antifungal	Streptol	Tannins	Singh and Dubey, 2018
Verrucosispora maris AB-18-032	Sonchus oleraceus	Antibacterial	Proximicin	Peptides	Fiedler et al., 2008