TABLE 1.

Outcome measures.

Task	Outcome measures	Primary or secondary	Equations (if applicable)
At rest	TA motor evoked potentials (MEPs)	Secondary
MVIC task	MVIC dorsiflexors [Newtons (N)]	Primary
	Time to 90% MVIC dorsiflexors [seconds (s)]	Secondary
	Rate of force development (ROFD) 0–200 ms dorsiflexors (N/s)	Secondary
	TA EMG amplitude [Volts (V)]	Secondary
30-s MVIC task	AUC fatigue index (%)	Primary	$\mathrm{A}.\mathit{\hspace{1em}}(1-\frac{\mathrm{AUC}\mathrm{from}\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}5}\sec \mathrm{to}\mathrm{end}\mathrm{task}}{\mathrm{Maximum}\mathrm{force}\times \mathrm{length}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{task}})\times \mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}100}$
	Simple fatigue index (%)	Secondary	$\mathrm{B}.\mathit{\hspace{1em}}(1-\frac{\mathrm{Mean}\mathrm{force}\mathrm{final}\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}3}\mathrm{epochs}}{\mathrm{Mean}\mathrm{force}\mathrm{initial}\mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}3}\mathrm{epochs}})\times \mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}100}$
	Decline in EMG amplitude (%)	Secondary	$\mathrm{C}.\mathit{\hspace{1em}}(1-\frac{\mathrm{RMS}\mathrm{final}\mathrm{epoch}}{\mathrm{RMS}\mathrm{initial}\mathrm{epoch}})\times 100$
	Decline in EMG median frequency (MF) (%)	Secondary	$\mathrm{D}.\mathit{\hspace{1em}}(1-\frac{\mathrm{MF}\mathrm{final}\mathrm{epoch}}{\mathrm{MF}\mathrm{initial}\mathrm{epoch}})\times \mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}100}$
	Voluntary activation (VA) (%)	Secondary	$\mathrm{E}.\mathit{\hspace{1em}}(1-\frac{\mathrm{Initial}\mathrm{active}\mathrm{twitch}}{\mathrm{Initial}\mathrm{resting}\mathrm{twitch}})\times \mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}100}$
	Central fatigue (%)	Secondary	$\mathrm{F}.\mathit{\hspace{1em}\hspace{0.5em} }\mathrm{VA}\mathrm{end}\mathrm{task}=(1-\frac{\mathrm{Final}\mathrm{active}\mathrm{twitch}}{\mathrm{Final}\mathrm{resting}\mathrm{twitch}})\times \mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}100}[\mathrm{cpsbreak}]\mathrm{G}.\mathit{\hspace{1em}\hspace{0.5em} }\mathrm{Central}\mathrm{fatigue}=\mathrm{VA}-\mathrm{VA}\mathrm{end}\mathrm{task}$
	Peripheral fatigue (%)	Secondary	$\mathrm{H}.\mathit{\hspace{1em}\hspace{1em}}(1-\frac{\mathrm{Final}\mathrm{resting}\mathrm{twitch}}{\mathrm{Initial}\mathrm{resting}\mathrm{twitch}})\times \mathrm{\hspace{0.33em}100}$