Table 1.
Demographic, cardiovascular, cognitive and exercise characteristics – including fitness group differences
| Total (n = 102) | Lower Fitness (n = 49) | Higher Fitness (n = 50) | |
| Demographics &Morphometrics | |||
| Age, y | 77.5 (6.9) | 79.9 (5.9) ** | 75.1 (7.0) ** |
| Education, y | 12.7 (3.5) | 12.3 (3.7) | 13.2 (3.3) |
| MMSE | 28.49 (1.34) | 28.61 (1.34) | 28.42 (1.34) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.29 (4.69) | 29.35 (4.54)∧ | 27.06 (4.28)∧ |
| % males | 39.73 | 41.43 | 42.86 |
| Cardiovascular | |||
| BSBP, mmHg | 135.72 (15.90) | 137.50 (17.85) | 135.00 (13.73) |
| DBP, mmHg | 70.35 (10.27) | 68.96 (10.82) | 72.20 (9.24) |
| BPP, mmHg | 65.38 (12.63) | 68.54 (13.95)∧ | 62.80 (10.74)∧ |
| CSBP, mmHg | 123.73 (14.53) | 124.04 (16.59) | 122.34 (12.31) |
| CPP, mmHg | 51.88 (10.68) | 53.21 (12.01)∧ | 48.96 (8.97)∧ |
| CFPWV, m/sec | 11.51 (1.94) | 11.70 (1.71) | 11.39 (2.15) |
| Cognitive Domains | |||
| RDS | 0.03 (0.79) | –0.09 (0.79) | 0.17 (0.78) |
| CogP | 0.00 (1.00) | –0.75 (0.91) | 0.03 (1.09) |
| VisP | 0.00 (0.86) | –0.04 (0.81) | 0.05 (0.94) |
| SWM | 0.00 (1.00) | –0.29 (0.82)* | 0.28 (1.11)* |
| Fitness &Exercise | |||
| 6 MW, m | 356.16 (75.59) | 307.58 (53.33) ** | 421.59 (45.57) ** |
| MVPA, cal/week | 1511.30 (1841.59) | 1253.13 (1518.88) | 1824.93 (2131.10) |
Mean (SD) reported. Education, years of formal education; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; BMI, body mass index; BSBP, brachial systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BPP, brachial pulse pressure; CSBP, central systolic blood pressure; CPP, central pulse pressure; AP, augmented pressure; AI, augmented index; CFPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; RDF, Reaction and Decision Speed; CogP, Cognitive Processing; VisP, Visual Processing; SWM, Spatial Working Memory; 6 MW, Six-Minute Walk test; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Significant differences between lower and higher fitness groups indicated: ∧p≤0.05, *p≤0.01, **p≤0.001.