Table 2A.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics by Recruitment Group
| Variable | Group 1 (N = 88) | Group 2 (N = 516) | Group 3 (N = 231) | Group 4 (N = 4689) | Group 5 (N = 236) | p-value |
| Age | <0.0001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 61.19 (12.1) | 66.73 (8.7)** | 63.97 (10.1)** | 65.35 (9.4)** | 64.37 (11.0)** | |
| (Min, Max) | (23.0, 85.0) | (30.0, 88.0) | (30.0, 86.0) | (25.0, 94.0) | (29.0, 90.0) | |
| Sex | 0.0190 | |||||
| Female | 48 (54.5%) | 238 (46.1%) | 115 (49.8%) | 2042 (43.5%)** | 96 (40.7%)** | |
| Male | 37 (42.0%) | 264 (51.2%) | 105 (45.5%) | 2535 (54.1%)** | 136 (57.6%)** | |
| Missing | 3 (3.4%) | 14 (2.7%) | 11 (4.8%) | 112 (2.4%) | 4 (1.7%) | |
| Education | 0.0021 | |||||
| Associate’s or less | 26 (29.5%) | 201 (39%) | 105 (45.4%)** | 1,665 (35.5%) | 77 (32.6%) | |
| Bachelor’s or higher | 59 (67.1%) | 296 (57.4%) | 112 (48.4%)** | 2,869 (61.2%) | 149 (63.1%) | |
| Prefer Not to Answer | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.4%) | 2 (0.9%) | 17 (0.4%) | 3 (1.3%) | |
| Missing | 3 (3.4%) | 17 (3.3%) | 12 (5.2%) | 138 (2.9%) | 7 (3.0%) | |
| Income | 0.0003 | |||||
| Less than $50,000 | 19 (21.5%)** | 170 (33%)** | 70 (30.3%) | 1,171 (24.9%) | 61 (25.9%) | |
| $50,000 or above | 54 (61.4%)** | 270 (52.4%)** | 116 (50.1%) | 2,820 (60.1%) | 138 (58.5%) | |
| Prefer Not to Answer | 12 (13.6%) | 58 (11.2%) | 32 (13.9%) | 558 (11.9%) | 30 (12.7%) | |
| Missing | 3 (3.4%) | 18 (3.5%) | 13 (5.6%) | 140 (3.0%) | 7 (3.0%) | |
| Employment Status | 0.0274 | |||||
| Employed Full/Part time | 29 (32.9%) | 108 (20.9%)** | 61 (26.4%) | 1,253 (26.8%) | 58 (24.6%) | |
| Retired/Unemployed | 53 (60.2%) | 386 (74.8%)** | 153 (66.3%) | 3,266 (69.6%) | 168 (71.2%) | |
| Prefer Not to Answer | 3 (3.4%) | 4 (0.8%) | 4 (1.7%) | 30 (0.6%) | 3 (1.3%) | |
| # of Medical Comorbidities | <0.0001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.18 (2.3) | 4.72 (2.5) | 4.98 (2.8)** | 3.46 (2.1)** | 3.42 (2.2)** | |
| (Min, Max) | (0.0, 9.0) | (0.0, 14.0) | (0.0, 13.0) | (0.0, 15.0) | (0.0, 12.0) | |
| Missing | 9 | 80 | 41 | 247 | 18 | |
| Prior Clinical Trial Participation | <0.0001 | |||||
| Yes | 29 (33.0%) | 110 (21.3%)** | 31 (13.4%)** | 1240 (26.4%) | 65 (27.5%) | |
| No | 56 (63.6%) | 386 (74.8%)** | 185 (80.1%)** | 3296 (70.3%) | 163 (69.1%) | |
| Prefer Not to Answer | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.4%) | 2 (0.9%) | 11 (0.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | |
| Missing | 3 (3.4%) | 18 (3.5%) | 13 (5.6%) | 142 (3.0%) | 7 (3.0%) |
Note: Due to small numbers, categories were collapsed for p-values for Education (Associate’s or less vs. Bachelor’s or higher), Income (< $50,000 vs. $50,000 or above) and Employment (Employed full/part-time vs. Retired/Unemployed). Note: p-values from Chi-square or t-tests; **indicates group difference of p < 0.05 (from baseline) in post-hoc contrasts. Note: Group definitions. Group 1: Baseline recruitment (control group). Group 2: Facebook late-stage. Group 3: Google early-stage. Group 4: Broad online. Group 5: Facebook Geo-targeting.