Table 6.
Adjusted associations between exposure to racial discrimination and HrQOL #1–4* with frequency of social contact as interaction term
| Experiences of Discrimination | HrQOL #1 | HrQOL #2 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relative risk | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | p value | Interaction term p value | Relative risk | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | p value | Interaction term p value | |
| Overall population | Adjusted (n = 2222) | 0.5214 | Adjusted (n = 2176) | 0.6437 | ||||||
| 1 or 2 vs 0 | 0.83 | 0.60 | 1.14 | 0.9139 | 1.08 | 0.76 | 1.54 | 0.6683 | ||
| ≥ 3 vs 0 | 1.16 | 0.87 | 1.54 | 0.2105 | 1.63 | 1.15 | 2.33 | 0.0068 | ||
| White | Adjusted (n = 886) | 0.9085 | Adjusted (n = 875) | 0.4365 | ||||||
| 1 or 2 vs 0 | 0.86 | 0.46 | 1.59 | 0.9462 | 1.30 | 0.69 | 2.45 | 0.4245 | ||
| ≥ 3 vs 0 | 2.07 | 0.98 | 4.37 | 0.1713 | 2.20 | 1.16 | 4.16 | 0.0156 | ||
| Black | Adjusted (n = 475) | 0.9397 | Adjusted (n = 465) | 0.7158 | ||||||
| 1 or 2 vs 0 | 0.57 | 0.31 | 1.05 | 0.2542 | 1.29 | 0.63 | 2.63 | 0.4813 | ||
| ≥ 3 vs 0 | 0.73 | 0.46 | 1.16 | 0.3334 | 1.71 | 0.79 | 3.71 | 0.1740 | ||
| Latino | Adjusted (n = 561) | 0.3416 | Adjusted (n = 542) | 0.8872 | ||||||
| 1 or 2 vs 0 | 1.05 | 0.65 | 1.70 | 0.3461 | 1.16 | 0.67 | 2.00 | 0.5993 | ||
| ≥ 3 vs 0 | 1.27 | 0.85 | 1.89 | 0.1323 | 1.49 | 0.82 | 2.72 | 0.1947 | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | Adjusted (n = 218) | 0.4160 | Adjusted (n = 214) | 0.2418 | ||||||
| 1 or 2 vs 0 | 0.43 | 0.11 | 1.59 | 0.0621 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 0.69 | 0.0061 | ||
| ≥ 3 vs 0 | 0.82 | 0.31 | 2.14 | 0.2798 | 1.20 | 0.55 | 2.64 | 0.6470 | ||
| HrQOL #3 | HrQOL #4 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall population | Adjusted (n = 2181) | 0.0086 | Adjusted (n = 2188) | 0.0779 | ||||||
| 1 or 2 vs 0 | 1.59 | 1.08 | 2.34 | 0.0202 | 1.66 | 1.12 | 2.46 | 0.0113 | ||
| ≥ 3 vs 0 | 2.42 | 1.70 | 3.44 | 0.0000 | 2.51 | 1.61 | 3.91 | 0.0000 | ||
| White | Adjusted (n = 875) | 0.1225 | Adjusted (n = 874) | 0.3752 | ||||||
| 1 or 2 vs 0 | 1.74 | 1.03 | 2.92 | 0.0378 | 1.40 | 0.72 | 2.71 | 0.3206 | ||
| ≥ 3 vs 0 | 3.04 | 1.67 | 5.55 | 0.0003 | 4.00 | 2.05 | 7.79 | 0.0000 | ||
| Black | Adjusted (n = 464) | 0.9236 | Adjusted (n = 469) | 0.4908 | ||||||
| 1 or 2 vs 0 | 1.56 | 0.52 | 4.65 | 0.4236 | 2.80 | 1.10 | 7.09 | 0.0301 | ||
| ≥ 3 vs 0 | 1.77 | 0.60 | 5.18 | 0.2972 | 2.00 | 0.79 | 5.09 | 0.1462 | ||
| Latino | Adjusted (n = 551) | 0.2960 | Adjusted (n = 551) | 0.4781 | ||||||
| 1 or 2 vs 0 | 0.93 | 0.46 | 1.88 | 0.8437 | 1.14 | 0.58 | 2.24 | 0.6962 | ||
| ≥ 3 vs 0 | 2.31 | 1.25 | 4.28 | 0.0079 | 2.38 | 1.17 | 4.83 | 0.0165 | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | Adjusted (n = 212) | 0.1939 | Adjusted (n = 214) | 0.2653 | ||||||
| 1 or 2 vs 0 | 2.58 | 1.09 | 6.12 | 0.0315 | 3.00 | 1.14 | 7.87 | 0.0256 | ||
| ≥ 3 vs 0 | 2.77 | 1.09 | 7.08 | 0.0329 | 3.04 | 0.89 | 10.39 | 0.0762 | ||
SDH data are weighted to the adult residential population per the American Community Survey, 2015
Adjusted relative risks are adjusted for age, sex, nativity, and material hardship
*Health-related Quality Of Life Question 1 (HrQOL #1): “Would you say that in general your health is excellent, very good, good, fair or poor?”
Health-related Quality Of Life Question 2 (HrQOL #2): “Now thinking about your physical health, which includes physical illness and injury, how many days during the past 30 days was your physical health not good?”
Health-related Quality Of Life Question 3 (HrQOL #3): “Now thinking about your mental health, which includes stress, depression, and problems with emotions, how many days during the past 30 days was your mental health not good?”
Health-related Quality Of Life Question 4 (HrQOL #4): “During the past 30 days, for about how many days did poor physical or mental health keep you from doing your usual activities, such as self-care, work, or recreation?”