Table 7.
Logistic Regressions With Continuous Risk Perceptions as Predictors for Later Versus Earlier Responders
| Later responders (March 13‒31, 2020) |
Earlier responders (March 10‒12, 2020) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor variable | (1) Washed hands | (2) Avoided public spaces or crowds | (3) Avoided high-risk individuals | (4) Canceled or postponed travel | (1) Washed hands | (2) Avoided public spaces or crowds | (3) Avoided high-risk individuals | (4) Canceled or postponed travel |
| Perceived COVID-19 infection risk (0‒100) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.03)*** | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02)*** | 1.01 (1.01, 1.01)*** | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01)*** | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02)*** | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01)*** | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01)*** | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01)** |
| Perceived COVID-19 infection fatality risk (0‒100) | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.01 (1.01, 1.01)*** | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01)*** | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01)*** | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01)*** | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) |
| At-risk age group (yes=1; no=0) | 1.26 (0.87, 1.84) | 1.03 (0.83, 1.23) | 0.89 (0.72, 1.09) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.11) | 1.25 (0.99, 1.60) | 1.23 (1.04, 1.46)* | 1.23 (1.04, 1.46)* | 0.98 (0.80, 1.20) |
| Male (yes=1; no=0) | 0.52 (0.39, 0.69)*** | 0.80 (0.68, 0.94)** | 0.73 (0.63, 0.86)*** | 0.87 (0.75, 1.00) | 0.49 (0.39, 0.60)*** | 0.88 (0.76, 1.02) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.04) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.09) |
| African American (yes=1; no=0) | 2.05 (1.26, 3.32)** | 1.01 (0.79, 1.29) | 1.58 (1.22, 2.05)** | 1.79 (1.42, 2.25)*** | 1.91 (1.32, 2.74)** | 1.78 (1.42, 2.24)*** | 1.69 (1.34, 2.01)*** | 2.59 (2.02, 3.33)*** |
| Hispanic/Latinx (yes=1; no=0) | 1.35 (0.92, 2.00) | 2.07 (1.64, 2.60)*** | 1.49 (1.20, 1.85)*** | 1.84 (1.52, 2.23)*** | 2.59 (1.79, 3.76)*** | 1.66 (1.35, 2.04)*** | 1.64 (1.34, 2.01)*** | 2.13 (1.69, 2.68)*** |
| Other minority (yes=1; no=0) | 1.84 (0.95, 3.55) | 2.00 (1.43, 2.78)*** | 2.11 (1.52, 2.93)*** | 1.68 (1.29, 2.19)*** | 1.13 (0.79, 1.62) | 2.14 (1.67, 2.75)*** | 1.94 (1.52, 2.49)*** | 2.89 (2.23, 3.74)*** |
| Below-median income (yes=1; no=0) | 0.57 (0.42, 0.77)*** | 0.94 (0.79, 1.12) | 0.99 (0.83, 1.17) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.18) | 0.75 (0.61, 0.94)* | 1.30 (1.11, 1.51)** | 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.18) |
| College degree (yes=1; no=0) | 1.91 (1.31, 2.78)** | 1.77 (1.47, 2.13)*** | 1.30 (1.09, 1.55)** | 1.64 (1.39, 1.93)*** | 1.19 (0.94, 1.49) | 1.27 (1.08, 1.49)*** | 0.89 (0.76, 1.04) | 1.62 (1.34, 1.94)*** |
| Live in worst-hit state (yes=1; no=0) | 1.52 (1.02, 2.26)* | 1.07 (0.87, 1.30) | 1.17 (0.96, 1.42) | 1.41 (1.19, 1.68)*** | 1.27 (0.99, 1.64) | 1.21 (1.02, 1.43)* | 1.16 (0.98, 1.37)** | 1.17 (0.97, 1.42) |
Note: n=3,317 for later responders and n=3,367 for earlier responders. Boldface indicates statistical significance (***p<0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05). ORs for continuous risk perceptions are associated with only 1-unit change on the 0‒100% scale. At-risk age group was aged 65 years or older. Median income was $50,000–$59,999. Worst-hit states were California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Washington. Table 6 shows analogous models with quartile-based risk perceptions. Logistic regressions used post-stratification weights.
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.