. 2020 May 7;22(5):e14617. doi: 10.2196/14617

Table 3.

Test scores with significant improvement for each interventional group when comparing their scores at the two time points.

Neuropsychological test		Pooled mean ranks: negative^a	Pooled mean ranks: positive^b	Averaged median before training	Averaged median after training	Test results
						Wilcoxon signed-rank test	P value
LLM^c
	RAVLT1^d	23.88	34.41	4.535	5.428	–3.2	.045
	RAVLT total^e	25.45	32.65	37.121	41.85	–3.2	.04
	CVLT1^f	20.35	29.62	4.795	5.311	–2.4	.04
	CVLT total^g	25.22	31.18	41.369	46.206	–3.4	.002
	CVLTD^h	19.67	30.73	8.559	9.239	–2.7	.02
ACⁱ
	MMSE^j	22.56	24.96	27.000	28.000	–4.1	<.001
	RAVLT total	24.36	33.47	38.903	45.507	–3.8	.005
	CVLT1	20.36	30.79	4.584	6.650	–4.0	<.001
	CVLT total	16.94	32.25	39.941	47.742	–4.6	<.001
	CVLTD	23.74	30.98	8.259	9.908	–3.6	.002
	Digit span backward	21.30	26.96	4.004	4.488	–2.5	.03
PTC^k
	MoCA^l	9.99	13.73	22.394	23.000	–2.0	.04
	RAVLT total	12.43	17.51	37.546	44.117	–2.7	.02
	CVLT total	11.56	16.41	41.187	48.359	–2.6	.02
	CVLTD	12.32	16.08	8.175	10.869	–3.3	.02
	Digit span forward	10.66	14.02	5.000	5.000	–2.3	.02
	Digit span backward	9.12	12.16	4.000	4.000	–2.8	.006
	GDS^m	13.46	7.58	2.000	0	–3.5	.001

^aNegative mean rank: test score post < test score pre.

^bPositive mean rank: test score post > test score pre.

^cLLM: Long-Lasting Memories.

^dRAVLT1: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: immediate recall.

^eRAVLT total: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: sum up of 5 recall attempts.

^fCVLT1: California Verbal Learning Test: immediate recall.

^gCVLT total: California Verbal Learning Test: sum up of 5 recall attempts.

^hCVLTD: California Verbal Learning Test: delayed recall.

ⁱAC: Active Control.

^jMMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.

^kPTC: Physical Training Control.

^lMoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

^mGDS: Geriatric Depression Scale.