Table 3.

Adjusted odds ratios for motor outcomes by highest degree of abnormality on cranial ultrasound

Outcome	Highest degree of abnormality on CUS
	Unilateral or bilateral grade I IVH (N=174)	Unilateral or bilateral grade II IVH (N=157)	Unilateral or bilateral grade III/IV IVH (N=212)	Ventriculo-megaly (N=92)	Unilateral or bilateral cystic PVL or porencephalic cyst (N=169)
	Adj OR (95% CI)	Adj OR (95% CI)	Adj OR (95% CI)	Adj OR (95% CI)	Adj OR (95% CI)
No motor function abnormalities	1.10 (0.78, 1.55)	0.94 (0.66, 1.36)	0.63 (0.45, 0.88)	0.58 (0.36, 0.94)	0.25 (0.16, 0.38)
Minor motor function abnormalities
Any minor motor finding	0.86 (0.61, 1.20)	1.05 (0.73, 1.49)	1.40 (1.02, 1.92)	1.71 (1.07, 2.72)	1.88 (1.31, 2.71)
GMFCS level 1	0.81 (0.34, 1.95)	1.68 (0.82, 3.43)	2.59 (1.52, 4.43)	3.61 (1.87, 6.96)	3.29 (1.86, 5.84)
Bayley-3 minor motor delay#	0.70 (0.49, 0.99)	0.90 (0.63, 1.29)	0.99 (0.73, 1.36)	1.43 (0.91, 2.23)	1.04 (0.73, 1.48)
Axial tone	1.35 (0.58, 3.13)	2.84 (1.43, 5.64)	2.87 (1.58, 5.22)	3.03 (1.43, 6.42)	5.39 (3.08, 9.44)
Gait/lower extremity function	1.51 (0.97, 2.36)	0.82 (0.47, 1.44)	0.94 (0.59, 1.50)	0.94 (0.48, 1.86)	1.73 (1.11, 2.70)
Upper extremity function	2.71 (1.33, 5.54)	2.58 (1.22, 5.45)	3.78 (2.09, 6.82)	1.69 (0.63, 4.54)	13.25 (7.89, 22.25)
Any major motor function abnormality	1.31 (0.84, 2.04)	1.30 (0.82, 2.06)	2.83 (1.99, 4.01)	2.79 (1.71, 4.54)	8.52 (5.84, 12.42)

Note: Reference category is infants with no CUS abnormalities, n=1502. Odds ratios are adjusted for center, GA, male sex, SGA, antenatal steroids, 5-minute Apgar ≤5, race, BPD, PDA, sepsis, surgical NEC, ROP stage 3, postnatal steroids, and adjusted age at assessment.

^#Motor composite score 71–85, fine motor scaled score 5–7 or gross motor scaled score 5–7.