Table 3. Biting flies were trapped using monoconical traps using cow urine and acetone as attractants.

Traps were deployed in selected sampling sites near livestock pens. The traps were set every day at 9:00 am and trapped flies were collected at 6:00 pm. Tsetse flies (genus Glossina) were absent in all traps deployed in Koya, Laisamis and its environs.

Sampling site	Fly density per trap/day	Sex (M = male; F = female)
Kula pesa 01° 35’ 44.9” N, 037° 48’ 35.8” E	12	12 F – Stomoxys calcitrans
	8	5 F – S. calcitrans; 1 M & 2 F – Hippobosca camelina
	4	3 F – S. calcitrans; 1 F – H. camelina
	12	9 F & 1 M - S. calcitrans; 1 F – Tabanus spp.; 1 M – H. camelina
	5	4 F – S. calcitrans; 1 F – H. camelina
	11	1 M & 9 F – S. calcitrans; 1 M – H. camelina
	8	6 M & 2 F – S. calcitrans
Soweto 01° 35’ 43.1” N, 037° 48’ 35.7” E	2	2 F – S. calcitrans
	9	2 M & 7 F – S. calcitrans
	7	1 M & 6 F – S. calcitrans
	7	2 M & 4 F – S. calcitrans; 1 F – H. camelina
	2	2 F – S. calcitrans
	9	9 F – S. calcitrans
	0	Biting flies count = 0 (Only house flies were trapped)
Naigero 01° 35’ 49.7” N, 037° 49’ 58.1” E	33	8 M & 25 F – S. calcitrans
	14	2 M & 12 F – S. calcitrans