Table 3. Biting flies were trapped using monoconical traps with cow urine and acetone as attractants.

Daily trap collections were pooled, fly species sorted, counted, and preserved in absolute ethanol for transportation to the Nairobi-based laboratories at icipe. Majority of the fly collections comprised of Stomoxys calcitrans. Tsetse flies (genus Glossina) were absent in all traps.

Sampling site	Day	*Daily fly captures	Sex (M = male; F = female)
Kula pesa 01° 35’ 44.9” N, 037° 48’ 35.8” E	Day 1	12	12 F – Stomoxys calcitrans
	Day 2	8	5 F – S. calcitrans; 1 M & 2 F – Hippobosca camelina
	Day 3	4	3 F – S. calcitrans; 1 F – H. camelina
	Day 4	12	9 F & 1 M - S. calcitrans; 1 F – Tabanus spp.; 1 M – H. camelina
	Day 5	5	4 F – S. calcitrans; 1 F – H. camelina
	Day 6	11	1 M & 9 F – S. calcitrans; 1 M – H. camelina
	Day 7	8	6 M & 2 F – S. calcitrans
Soweto 01° 35’ 43.1” N, 037° 48’ 35.7” E	Day 1	2	2 F – S. calcitrans
	Day 2	9	2 M & 7 F – S. calcitrans
	Day 3	7	1 M & 6 F – S. calcitrans
	Day 4	7	2 M & 4 F – S. calcitrans; 1 F – H. camelina
	Day 5	2	2 F – S. calcitrans
	Day 6	9	9 F – S. calcitrans
	Day 7	0	Biting flies count = 0 (Only house flies were trapped)
Naigero 01° 35’ 49.7” N, 037° 49’ 58.1” E	Day 1	33	8 M & 25 F – S. calcitrans
	Day 2	14	2 M & 12 F – S. calcitrans

*Daily fly captures: represent pools of three trap catches per site per day.