Table 1.

Molecular mechanisms and biological functions of m⁶A in noncoding RNAs

Molecule	Mechanism	ncRNA	Biological function	Ref.
Writers
METTL3	Promote pri-miRNA processing	miR-221/222	Promote cell proliferation in bladder cancer	[35]
	Promote pri-miRNA processing	miR-1246	Promote cell migration in CRC	[36]
	Promote pre-miRNA processing	miR-143-3p	Promote the brain metastasis of NSCLC	[37]
	Promote pri-miRNA processing	miR-25	Promote cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer	[41]
	Modulate the structure of lncRNA	MALAT1	Promote cell proliferation	[13]
	Stabilize lncRNA and enable the ceRNA model	LINC00958	Promote HCC lipogenesis and progression.	[60]
	Stabilize lncRNA and enable the ceRNA model	MALAT1	Promote NSCLC drug resistance and metastasis	[61]
	Promote lincRNA-let-7 interaction	Linc1281	Regulate pluripotency and differentiation of mESC	[62]
METTL14	Promote pri-miRNA processing	miR-126	Suppress HCC metastasis	[17]
	Promote pri-miRNA processing	miR-375	Suppress CRC progression	[38]
	Modulate the structure of lncRNA	MALAT1	Promote cell proliferation	[13]
WTAP, RBM15, RBM15B	Promote XIST -mediated gene repression	XIST	Gene silencing on the X chromosome	[65] [20]
NSun2	Suppress pri-miRNA processing	miR-125b	Promote cell migration in CRC	[44]
METTL16	Regulate pre-mRNA splicing	U6 snRNA		[24]
ZCCHC4	Promote mRNA translation	28S rRNA	Promote cell proliferation	[26]
Erasers
FTO	Affect steady-state levels of several miRNAs	miRNAs		[43]
	Suppress cap-independent translation	circRNAs		[14]
Readers
NKAP	Promote pri-miRNA processing	miR-25	Promote cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer	[41]
HNRNPA2B1	Promote pri-miRNA processing	miR-106b	Promote NSCLC cell proliferation and tumor growth	[40]
	Alter miRNAs transcriptome	miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-222, miR-1266-5p, miR-1268a, miR-671-3p	Promote endocrine resistance in breast cancer	[45]
HNRNPC	Promote pri-miRNA processing	miR-21	Promote cell migration and invasion in glioblastoma	[42]
HNRNPC, HNRNPG	Regulate RNA abundance and alternative splicing pattern	MALAT1	Promote cell proliferation	[13, 51]
YTHDC1	Promote XIST -mediated gene repression	XIST	Gene silencing on the X chromosome	[20]
	Promote cytoplasmic export of circRNAs	circNSun2	Promote cell invasion and liver metastasis in CRC	[69]
YTHDF2	Mediate circRNA degradation	circRNAs	Inhibit innate immunity	[68, 70–72]
YTHDF3	Drive cap-independent translation	circRNAs		[14]