. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 22.

Published in final edited form as: Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2019 Aug 29;33(6):397–404. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12578

TABLE 5.

Comparisons between HOPE^a, LIFE^21,b, MIREC^22,c, and NC EPS^23,d studies

	HOPE^a		LIFE^21b		MIREC^22,c	NC EPS^23,d
	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Women
Study design	Prospective study		Prospective study		Retrospective study	Prospective study
Urine collection	Daily for two menstrual cycles		Once at enrolment		Once during first-trimester visit	Three samples from each menstrual cycle
Study population	183 (170; BPA available)	183 (169; BPA available)	501 (454; BPA available)	501(439; BPA available)	2001 (1742; BPA available)	221 (221; BPA available)
Median Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure (ng/ml)	3.01	2.94	Pregnant: 0.63 Not pregnant: 0.68	Pregnancy: 0.53 Not pregnant: 0.49	0.80	2.7
Age	27.3	28.5	30.0	31.8	32.8	29
Prior birth	42.4%		47.0%	48.0%	71.3%	51.6%
FOR estimates	1.07 (0.75–1.53)	1.02 (0.72, 1.47)	0.96 (0.83, 1.10)	1.05 (0.92, 1.20)	0.97 (0.83, 1.14)	Not reported
Impact of increasing BPA on time to pregnancy (TTP)	No association	No association	No association	No association	No association	No association

The Home Observation of Peri-conceptional Exposures study.

The Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment.

The Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals.

The North Carolina Early Pregnancy Study.