TABLE 3.
Neonatal and maternal characteristics of live born singletons.
| Characteristics | GQE of cleavage (n = 922) | PQE of cleavage (n = 175) | GQE of blastocyst (n = 932) | PQE of blastocyst (n = 374) | P-valuea | P-valueb |
| Gestational age (weeks) | ||||||
| <32 weeks | 5(0.5) | 3(1.7) | 6(0.6) | 4(1.1) | 0.121 | 0.485 |
| 32–36 weeks | 53(5.7) | 16(9.2) | 63(6.8) | 26(7.0) | 0.090 | 0.901 |
| ≥37 weeks | 864(93.7) | 156(89.1) | 863(92.6) | 344(92.0) | 0.030 | 0.703 |
| Mode of delivery (%) | 0.040 | 0.407 | ||||
| Vaginal | 203(22.0) | 51(29.1) | 219(23.5) | 96(25.7) | ||
| Caesarean section | 719(78.0) | 124(70.9) | 713(76.5) | 278(74.3) | ||
| Sex (%) | 0.794 | <0.001 | ||||
| Male | 459(49.8) | 89(50.9) | 556(59.7) | 187(50.0) | ||
| Female | 463(50.2) | 86(49.1) | 376(40.3) | 187(50.0) | ||
| Birthweight (g)d | 3295.5 ± 478.5 | 3279.8±545.1 | 3386.5 ± 492.5 | 3330.4±498.9 | 0.722 | 0.004 |
| Z-score | 0.26 ± 1.03 | 0.27 ± 0.99 | 0.51 ± 1.04 | 0.35 ± 1.10 | 0.889 | 0.011 |
| 2500–4500 gc | 887(96.2) | 161(92.0) | 898(96.4) | 346(92.5) | 0.014 | 0.003 |
| VLBW(<1500 g) | 5(0.5) | 2(1.1) | 6(0.6) | 3(0.8) | 0.310 | 0.721 |
| LBW(<2500g)c | 29(3.1) | 14(8.0) | 25(2.7) | 22(5.9) | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| HBW(>4500 g) | 6(0.7) | 1(0.6) | 9(1.0) | 6(1.6) | 0.904 | 0.489 |
| SGA(<10th percentile) | 60(6.5) | 7(4.0) | 33(3.5) | 22(5.9) | 0.204 | 0.057 |
| VSGA(<3th percentile) | 16(1.7) | 3(1.7) | 7(0.8) | 7(1.9) | 0.984 | 0.139 |
| LGA(>90th percentile) | 135(14.6) | 21(12.0) | 207(22.2) | 71(19.0) | 0.359 | 0.198 |
| VLGA(>97th percentile) | 43(4.7) | 10(5.7) | 82(8.8) | 26(7.0) | 0.552 | 0.273 |
| Congenital | 9(1.0) | 3(1.7) | 9(1.0) | 7(1.9) | 0.420 | 0.176 |
| malformations (%) | ||||||
| Neonatal | 45(4.9) | 9(5.1) | 39(4.2) | 23(6.1) | 0.883 | 0.131 |
| Complications (%) | ||||||
| Maternal | ||||||
| Complications (%) | ||||||
| GDM | 102(11.0) | 17(9.7) | 98(10.5) | 51(13.6) | 0.599 | 0.109 |
| PPROM | 12(1.3) | 5(2.9) | 15(1.6) | 9(2.4) | 0.170 | 0.332 |
| Placenta previa | 28(3.0) | 5(2.9) | 21(2.3) | 17(4.5) | 0.898 | 0.026 |
| PIH | 31(3.4) | 4(2.3) | 27(2.8) | 9(2.4) | 0.485 | 0.624 |
| Pre-eclampsia | 17(1.8) | 3(1.7) | 14(1.5) | 7(1.9) | 0.907 | 0.631 |
| Post-partum haemorrahage | 15(1.6) | 4(2.3) | 17(1.8) | 5(1.3) | 0.527 | 0.536 |
GDM = gestational diabetes; PPROM = preterm premature rupture of membranes; PIH = pregnancy-induced hypertension; Data are presented as mean (±SD) or median (interquartile range) according to if variables were normally distributed or not. Continuous variables were compared using t-test or Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests, and categorical variables were presented as numbers (%) and evaluated with chi-squared tests. aP-value for PQE of cleavage vs GQE of cleavage. bP-value for GQE of blastocyst vs GQE of blastocyst. cP-value < 0.001 for PQE vs GQE in all singletons. dP-value = 0.045 for PQE vs GQE in all singletons.