Table 3.
Composite Cognitive Z-Scores and Interval Changes in Scores at Baseline, 1 Month, and 1 Year After Surgery by Frailty Status
| Difference in Prefrail Compared to Nonfrailb |
Difference in Frail Compared to Nonfrailb |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted |
Adjustedc |
Unadjusted |
Adjustedc |
||||||||
| Nonfraila | Prefraila | Fraila | β-Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | β-Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | β-Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | β-Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Cognitive Z-score, mean (SD) | |||||||||||
| Baseline (n = 76) | 0.16 (0.56) | 0.28 (0.44) | −0.15 (0.75) | 0.12 (−0.31 to 0.54) | .575 | 0.20 (−0.19 to 0.60) | .308 | −0.36 (−0.82 to 0.088) | .109 | −0.13 (−0.57 to 0.31) | 553 |
| 1 mo (n = 80) | 0.34 (0.39) | 0.17 (0.50) | −0.31 (0.75) | −0.17 (−0.62 to 0.28) | .442 | −0.068 (−0.50 to 0.37) | .749 | −0.70 (−1.17 to −0.22) | .006 | −0.48 (−0.96 to 0.002) | .051 |
| 1 y (n = 54) | 0.08 (0.66) | −0.06 (0.47) | −0.06 (0.34) | −0.017 (−0.45 to 0.42) | .936 | 0.097 (−0.32 to 0.51) | .631 | −0.33 (−0.80 to 0.14) | .161 | −0.13 (−0.58 to 0.32) | .573 |
| Change in cognitive Z–score, mean (SD) | |||||||||||
| Baseline to 1 month (n = 74) | 0.19 (0.29) | −0.09 (0.30) | −0.14 (0.51) | −0.29 (−0.57 to −0.0003) | .0498 | −0.27 (−0.57 to 0.032) | .078 | −0.33 (−0.65 to −0.015) | .041 | −0.35 (−0.69 to −0.0079) | .045 |
| Baseline to 1 year (n = 52) | −0.21 (0.48) | −0.31 (0.33) | −0.13 (0.35) | −0.13 (−0.44 to 0.17) | .367 | −0.11 (−0.39 to 0.19) | .460 | −0.11 (−0.29 to 0.37) | .804 | 0.004 (−0.32 to 0.33) | .979 |
a
Cognitive scores at each time point are presented without imputation of missing values.
b
The unadjusted and adjusted regression models use imputed missing values for the 1-year time point. A (–) value for the β-coefficient indicates decline in cognition.
c
Adjusted for age, gender, education, and logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation.