Table 2.
Free-Living Outcomes for Participants Grouped as OF, Fallers with MCI and Fallers with PD, Preintervention (T1) and 6 Months Postintervention (T4)
| ABs > 10 s | T1 (preintervention) | T4 (6 months postintervention) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TT | Older Fallers | Fallers with MCI | Fallers with PD | Older Fallers | Fallers with MCI | Fallers with PD |
| Volume | ||||||
| Total Walking Time per Day (Min)a | 128.6 (58.3) | 125.2 (48.7) | 117.3 (59.1) | 119.7 (64.0) | 116.4 (61.8) | 116.2 (65.1) |
| Percentage of Walking Timea | 8.9 (4.1) | 8.7 (3.4) | 8.2 (4.1) | 8.3 (4.5) | 8.1 (4.3) | 8.1 (4.5) |
| Number of steps per Daya | 9,833 (4,793) | 9,354 (3,712) | 8,874 (4,538) | 8,993 (5,092) | 8,765 (4,723) | 8,654 (4,638) |
| Bouts per Daya | 264 (105) | 268 (98) | 233 (106) | 250 (94) | 254 (129) | 229 (116) |
| Mean Bout Length (sec)b | 28.9 (5.7) | 27.8 (4.4) | 29.8 (5.8) | 28.0 (6.4) | 27.2 (3.7) | 30.4 (6.3) |
| Variability | ||||||
| Variability (S2) | 0.620 (0.095) | 0.605 (0.082) | 0.630 (0.094) | 0.599 (0.094) | 0.595 (0.076) | 0.636 (0.100) |
| Pattern | ||||||
| Alpha (α) | 2.621 (0.27) | 2.650 (0.23) | 2.553 (0.299) | 2.658 (0.258) | 2.619 (0.144) | 2.515 (0.247) |
| TT + VR | Older Fallers | Fallers with MCI | Fallers with PD | Older Fallers | Fallers with MCI | Fallers with PD |
| Volume | ||||||
| Total Walking Time per Day (Min)a | 142.2 (59.9) | 113.4 (41.2) | 117.8 (62.3) | 137.7 (64.8) | 107.4 (36.7) | 127.9 (84.3) |
| Percentage of Walking Timea | 9.9 (4.2) | 7.9 (2.9) | 8.2 (4.3) | 9.6 (4.5) | 7.5 (2.6) | 8.9 (5.9) |
| Number of steps per Daya | 10,802 (4,700) | 8,252 (3,218) | 9,000 (4,535) | 10,423 (5,274) | 8,032 (2,942) | 9,468 (5,576) |
| Bouts per Daya | 288 (97) | 261 (84) | 242 (110) | 282 (99) | 248 (86) | 254 (107) |
| Mean Bout Length (seconds)b | 29.2 (6.0) | 25.9 (3.1) | 28.4 (4.9) | 28.3 (6.7) | 26.0 (2.5) | 29.0 (7.0) |
| Variability | ||||||
| Variability (S2) | 0.612 (0.091) | 0.562 (0.063) | 0.606 (0.083) | 0.594 (0.108) | 0.569 (0.050) | 0.607 (0.104) |
| Pattern | ||||||
| Alpha (α) | 2.555 (0.209) | 2.690 (0.237) | 2.587 (0.274) | 2.597 (0.276) | 2.691 (0.185) | 2.557 (0.271) |
Note: Longitudinal data are presented for each intervention arm, for all ambulatory bouts longer than 10 seconds (ABs > 10 s). Values are presented as mean (SD).
OF = Older Fallers; MCI = Mild cognitive impairment; PD = Parkinson’s disease; TT = Treadmill training only intervention; TT + VR = Treadmill training plus virtual reality intervention.
aSignificant (p < .05) Group effect (OF vs MCI vs PD); bsignificant (p < .05) Group × Intervention interaction.