Table 4:
Outcomes Stratified by Number of Risk Criteria
| Variable | Total (n=24813) | Low Risk (n=12770) | High Risk (n=12043) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Risk Factor (n=9543) | 2 Risk Factors (n=2406) | 3 Risk Factors (n=94) | ||||
| 30-day Mortality | 336 (1.4%) | 113 (0.9%) | 148 (1.6%) | 67 (2.8%) | 8 (8.5%) | <0.001 |
| Operative Mortality | 30 (0.1%) | 13 (0.1%) | 13 (0.1%) | 4 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.778 |
| Overall Morbidity | 3327 (13.4%) | 1500 (11.8%) | 1363 (14.3%) | 429 (17.8%) | 35 (37.2%) | <0.001 |
| Major Complication Rate | 2648 (11.0%) | 1208 (9.5%) | 1061 (11.1%) | 346 (14.4%) | 33 (35.1%) | <0.001 |
| Early return to OR | 1110 (4.5%) | 534 (4.2%) | 444 (4.7%) | 120 (5.0%) | 12 (12.8%) | <0.001 |
| Length of stay (hospital) (days) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–5) | 5 (2–10) | 0.0001 |
| Operative time | 136 (104–181) | 132 (101–177) | 137 (105–182) | 148 (111–199) | 145 (121–198) | 0.0001 |
| Superficial SSI | 385 (1.6%) | 156 (1.2%) | 177 (1.9%) | 48 (2.0%) | 4 (4.3%) | <0.001 |
| Deep SSI | 118 (0.5%) | 53 (0.5%) | 48 (0.5%) | 13 (0.5%) | 4 (4.3%) | <0.001 |
| Organ Space SSI | 33 (0.1%) | 17 (0.1%) | 12 (0.1%) | 3 (0.1%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.10 |
| Wound Dehiscence | 70 (0.3%) | 26 (0.2%) | 31 (0.3%) | 11 (0.5%) | 2 (2.1%) | <0.001 |
| Sepsis | 202 (0.8%) | 79 (0.6%) | 86 (0.9%) | 33 (1.4%) | 4 (4.3%) | <0.001 |
| Septic Shock | 157 (0.6%) | 53 (0.4%) | 62 (0.7%) | 36 (1.5%) | 6 (6.4%) | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 329 (1.3%) | 115 (0.9%) | 143 (1.5%) | 67 (2.8%) | 4 (4.3%) | <0.001 |
| Unplanned Reintubation | 376 (1.5%) | 116 (0.9%) | 170 (1.8%) | 82 (3.4%) | 8 (8.5%) | <0.001 |
| Prolonged Ventilator Dependence | 304 (1.2%) | 99 (0.8%) | 139 (1.5%) | 61 (2.5%) | 5 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary Embolism | 54 (0.2%) | 29 (0.2%) | 19 (0.2%) | 6 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.91 |
| Renal Failure | 207 (0.8%) | 77 (0.6%) | 81 (0.9%) | 37 (1.5%) | 12 (12.8%) | <0.001 |
| UTI | 431 (1.7%) | 196 (1.5%) | 169 (1.8%) | 63 (2.6%) | 3 (3.2%) | 0.002 |
| Stroke | 105 (0.4%) | 51 (0.4%) | 42 (0.4%) | 12 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.81 |
| Cardiac Arrest | 124 (0.5%) | 37 (0.3%) | 56 (0.6%) | 27 (1.1%) | 4 (4.3%) | <0.001 |
| MI | 228 (0.9%) | 89 (0.7%) | 96 (1.0%) | 43 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
| Post-op Bleeding | 1753 (7.0%) | 856 (6.7%) | 691 (7.2%) | 190 (7.9%) | 16 (17.0%) | <0.001 |
| DVT | 134 (0.5%) | 63 (0.5%) | 58 (0.6%) | 13 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.61 |
Categoric data are shown as number (%) and continuous data as median (interquartile range)
Univariate comparisons for continuous variables made with Student’s t-test; comparisons for categorical variables made using Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.