Table 3.
Planning Studiesa.
| Author | Year | Methods | Intervention/Program | Clinical Setting | Implementation Stage | Internal vs External |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angier H | 2015 | Mixed methods (quantitatively assess health insurance coverage continuity and utilization of health care services, assess implementation process with staff) | Care processes; technology (identify and outreach to uninsured patients) | 4 community clinics in Oregon | Protocol | Internal |
| Coker TR | 2014 | Mixed methods (expert panel ranking of models, and focus groups of WCC stakeholders) | Community engagement, care processes (redesign structure of pediatric care) | Multisite community clinic system and 2 independent practices serving Medicaid-insured children in Los Angeles area | Pre | External |
| Cole AM | 2015 | Qualitative (n = 13 interviews to assess facilitators and barriers to implementing program) | Care processes (mail-based colorectal cancer screening) | 7 community clinics in Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho practice-based research network | Pre | External |
| Gold R | 2015 | Mixed methods (baseline surveys of study clinic characteristics, intervention uptake rates, document review, and qualitative observations/interviews) | Care processes (diabetes quality improvement intervention) | 29 community clinics through OCHIN, Inc. national network | Protocol | External |
| Nguyen OK | 2015 | Qualitative (n = 50 interviews with health care and social service providers to determine feasibility) | Community engagement; care processes; technology (electronic data exchange between health care systems and social service departments) | Urban integrated safety net system in Dallas County, Texas | Pre | Internal |
| Patterson ME | 2016 | Qualitative (n = 6 providers in semistructured interviews) | Care processes; technology (develop an EHR tool to categorize high-risk heart failure patients) | Urban safety net hospital in Kansas City | Pre | Internal |
| Quanbeck AR | 2014 | Mixed methods (interrupted time-series analysis of treatment attendance, staff interviews to assess adaptations to implementation protocol) | Care processes; technology (electronic communication for substance abuse treatment) | 3 community clinics (one affiliated with University of Wisconsin, one independent rural site, and one urban site) | Protocol | External |
Abbreviations: EHR, electronic health record; WCC, well-child care.
a
The 7 planning articles encompassed research that had (1) a protocol focus or (2) pre-implementation data collection to inform a future program or intervention.