TABLE 2.
Effect of HC diet during spermatogenesis on growth, biochemical composition of tissues and plasma metabolites.
| February |
May |
November |
p-value |
||||||
| NC | HC | NC | HC | NC | HC | Diet | Month | diet:month | |
| Body weight (g) | 607 ± 178 | 645 ± 172 | 741 ± 205 | 663 ± 246 | 1779 ± 253 | 1092 ± 322 | 1E−04 | 4E−03 | 0.571 |
| Lenght (cm) | 33.3 ± 2.7 | 35.5 ± 3.1 | 36.8 ± 2.9 | 36.1 ± 4.8 | 49.8 ± 3.5 | 42.8 ± 4.0 | 6E−03 | 1E−03 | 0.335 |
| Carcass | |||||||||
| Protein (%DM) | 59.5 ± 6.1 | 54.4 ± 3.9 | 58.5 ± 5.7 | 59.1 ± 4.3 | 62.2 ± 4.3 | 60.8 ± 7.6 | 0.514 | 0.252 | 0.239 |
| Lipid (%DM) | 29.1 ± 7.0 | 35.4 ± 4.4 | 32.7 ± 6.2 | 32.8 ± 4.5 | 28.2 ± 4.7 | 30.4 ± 8.9 | 0.358 | 0.462 | 0.268 |
| Glucose (mg⋅g–1) | 1.08 ± 0.10b | 1.77 ± 0.37a | 0.73 ± 0.17bc | 0.29 ± 0.13c | 0.44 ± 0.17c | 0.42 ± 0.30c | 0.252 | 3E−10 | 3E−05 |
| Glycogen (mg⋅g–1) | 13.3 ± 5.3ab | 17.6 ± 6.7a | 8.9 ± 3.7bc | 1.2 ± 0.8d | 1.7 ± 0.9d | 4.7 ± 0.9cd | 0.377 | 2E−06 | 2E−03 |
| Liver | |||||||||
| HSI (%) | 1.3 ± 0.3bc | 2.1 ± 0.3a | 1.7 ± 0.6ab | 1.5 ± 0.4abc | 1.0 ± 0.1c | 1.0 ± 0.1c | 7E−02 | 3E−04 | 2E−03 |
| Protein (%DM) | 63.2 ± 2.3b | 40.9 ± 4.8c | 64.1 ± 2.9b | 72.7 ± 5.0a | 63.3 ± 5.1b | 70.3 ± 5.0ab | 4E−05 | 8E−11 | 4E−09 |
| Lipid (%DM) | 21.2 ± 12.3 | 23.6 ± 7.2 | 10.0 ± 0.6 | 10.0 ± 0.8 | 10.5 ± 0.9 | 11.0 ± 1.4 | 0.868 | 7E−05 | 0.665 |
| Glucose (mg⋅g–1) | 58.8 ± 12.8a | 22.2 ± 6.26c | 29.3 ± 8.53bc | 52.8 ± 32.2ab | 63.8 ± 9.54a | 59.0 ± 4.84a | 0.003 | 2E−05 | 7E−05 |
| Glycogen (mg⋅g–1) | 52.2 ± 41.7b | 316.8 ± 60.7a | 83.3 ± 40.8b | 29.8 ± 43.3b | 154.5 ± 72.1b | 57.6 ± 66.4b | 6E−05 | 5E−06 | 1E−06 |
| Digestive Tract | |||||||||
| VSI (%) | 9.5 ± 2.1 | 11.6 ± 1.6 | 7.4 ± 0.6 | 7.2 ± 0.6 | 6.5 ± 0.9 | 8.0 ± 2.0 | 0.061 | 4E−05 | 0.077 |
| Protein (%DM) | 42.8 ± 12.9 | 23.0 ± 8.7 | 49.8 ± 7.2 | 20.6 ± 6.6 | 50.6 ± 23.0 | 39.6 ± 17.0 | 1E−03 | 0.068 | 0.454 |
| Lipid (%DM) | 46.7 ± 17.2 | 68.7 ± 7.0 | 44.7 ± 11.0 | 76.5 ± 7.7 | 50.2 ± 27.4 | 58.1 ± 21.2 | 5E−03 | 0.310 | 0.521 |
| Gonads | |||||||||
| GSI (%) | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 0.009 | 0.004 | 0.569 |
| Protein (%DM) | 91.3 ± 7.1 | 97.3 ± 4.0 | 95.3 ± 5.7 | 97.4 ± 5.6 | 90.5 ± 9.5 | 95.6 ± 5.6 | 0.146 | 0.629 | 0.490 |
| Lipid (%DM) | 8.2 ± 1.6 | 7.0 ± 0.7 | 7.8 ± 0.9 | 8.2 ± 1.2 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 7.7 ± 1.0 | 0.128 | 0.767 | 0.092 |
| Glucose (mg⋅g–1) | 0.21 ± 0.07 | 0.16 ± 0.08 | 0.19 ± 0.11 | 0.30 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.08 | 0.677 | 0.028 | 0.405 |
| Glycogen (mg⋅g–1) | 0.66 ± 0.18 | 0.58 ± 0.20 | 0.65 ± 0.12 | 0.48 ± 0.15 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.36 ± 0.10 | 0.183 | 0.006 | 0.507 |
| Plasma Metabolites | |||||||||
| Glucose (g⋅L–1) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 1.5 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.007 | 0.182 | 0.060 |
| Triglycerides (g⋅L–1) | 11.2 ± 5.1ab | 16.8 ± 6.8a | 15.2 ± 7.4a | 1.6 ± 1.2c | 4.7 ± 1.9bc | 4.7 ± 0.8bc | 0.394 | 3E−05 | 9E−05 |
| FFA (mmol⋅L–1) | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.495 | 0.837 | 0.124 |
| Cholesterol (g⋅L–1) | 4.1 ± 0.9a | 3.6 ± 0.7ab | 3.9 ± 1.0ab | 2.0 ± 0.6b | 4.2 ± 1.4a | 3.6 ± 0.7ab | 0.007 | 0.292 | 0.01 |
Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 8 fish for body weight/length/VSI/HIS/GSI and plasma metabolites, and n = 6 for biochemical composition except in May for males fed the HC diet n = 4) and analyzed by two-way ANOVA (P-values < 0.05 in bold), followed by a post hoc Tukey test in case of significant interaction. In this latter case, mean values not sharing a common lowercase letter are significantly different from each other. HIS, hepato-somatic index; VSI, viscero-somatic index; GSI, gonado-somatic index; FFA, Free Fatty Acids; NC, no carbohydrate diet; HC, high carbohydrate diet; DM, dry matter.