Figure 5.

Schematic summary of proposed neurophysiological implementations of hierarchical Bayesian inference in the cortex, specifically, predictive coding. In this scheme, neurons that compute prediction errors (red plates, E) are situated in supragranular layers and signal these errors to neurons in granular layers (grey plates) at the next higher level. By contrast, neurons that compute predictions (green plates, P) are lcoated in infragranular layers and signal these predictions to neurons in both infra- and supragranular layers at the next lower level. This figure is reproduced, with permission, from Heilbron and Chait (95).