Table 3. Univariable and multivariable linear mixed-effects model for the association of biomarkers with tumor growth rate.

Biomarker	Group 1		Group2			Univariable analysisa				Multivariable analysisb
	N	eVDE (95% CI)	N	eVDE(95% CI)		Interaction coefficients	SE	p-value		Interaction coefficients	SE	p-value
WHO grade Grade IV vs III	56	69.3 (54.9-83.7)	55	32.9 (22.3-43.6)		+27.5	9.8	0.005**		+19.1	10.5	0.07*
IDH1 mt vs wt	18	12.1 (6.4-17.7)	29	63.9 (39.8-88.1)		-28.7	15	0.06*		-18.5	16.6	0.3
MGMT promoter met vs non-met	27	13.4 (4.7-22.0)	10	34 (15.7-52.3)		-37.4	17.6	0.03**		-23.9	18.6	0.2
TERT C250T promoter mt vs wt	4	107.7 (50.4-165)	37	41.4 (24.0-58.8)		+52.4	25.7	0.04**		+32.1	26.8	0.2
ATRX high vs low expression	14	73.3 (29.8-116.7)	21	34.2 (18.5-49.8)		+31.6	16.2	0.05*		+24	17.3	0.2
Ki67 high vs low expression	55	67.8 (51.3-84.3)	36	31.1 (18.9-43.3)		+20.1	11.3	0.08*		+13.8	11.4	0.2

Abbreviations: wt, wild type; mt, mutation type; met, methylation; SE, standard error.

a. A single molecular biomarkers plus significant clinical biomarkers in linear mixed-effects model.

b. Significant clinical and molecular biomarkers in linear mixed-effects model together.

* p-value < 0.1 showed marginally statistically significance.

** p-value < 0.05 showed statistically significance.