Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusteda,b proportional change in geometric mean (95% confidence interval) of PFAS concentrations by firefighter status (office worker as referent), from maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) models
| model | βCoef | expβ (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perfluorononanoic Acid PFNA | |||
| unadjusted | 0.23 | 1.25 (1.03, 1.53) | 0.0245 |
| model 1a | 0.22 | 1.25 (1.01, 1.54) | 0.0369 |
| model 2b | 0.23 | 1.26 (1.01, 1.58) | 0.0399 |
| Perfluorooctanoic Acid PFOA | |||
| unadjusted | −0.04 | 0.96 (0.81, 1.13) | 0.6070 |
| model 1a | −0.02 | 0.98 (0.83, 1.18) | 0.8666 |
| model 2b | 0.07 | 1.07 (0.89, 1.30) | 0.4730 |
| Perfluorooctanoic Sulfonate PFOS | |||
| unadjusted | 0.09 | 1.10 (0.88, 1.36) | 0.4097 |
| model 1a | 0.15 | 1.16 (0.93, 1.45) | 0.1887 |
| model 2b | 0.10 | 1.10 (0.87, 1.40) | 0.4334 |
| Perfluorohexane Sulfonate PFHxS | |||
| unadjusted | 0.43 | 1.54 (1.14, 2.07) | 0.0051 |
| model 1a | 0.57 | 1.77 (1.29, 2.43) | 0.0004 |
| model 2b | 0.80 | 2.22 (1.55, 3.18) | 0.0000 |
| Perfluordecanoic Acid PFDA | |||
| unadjusted | 0.13 | 1.14 (0.92, 1.43) | 0.2324 |
| model 1a | 0.09 | 1.10 (0.87, 1.39) | 0.4420 |
| model 2b | 0.14 | 1.15 (0.89, 1.49) | 0.2947 |
| Perfluorbutane Sulfonate PFBS | |||
| unadjusted | 0.17 | 1.19 (0.65, 2.18) | 0.5731 |
| model 1a | 0.30 | 1.35 (0.70, 2.59) | 0.3710 |
| model 2b | 0.36 | 1.43 (0.71, 2.91) | 0.3192 |
| Perfluoroundecanoic Acid PFUnDA | |||
| unadjusted | 0.55 | 1.74 (1.00, 3.02) | 0.0496 |
| model 1a | 0.48 | 1.61 (0.88, 2.97) | 0.1236 |
| model 2b | 0.60 | 1.83 (0.97, 3.45) | 0.0623 |
a
model 1 adjusted for: age, race/ethnicity and education.
b
model 2 adjusted for covariates in model 1 and consumption of: fish/shellfish, red meat, poultry, fastfood or takeout food, frozen food heated in paper or cardboard package. Office worker is referent group.