Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with 4‐years of follow‐up
| All N = 77,752 | Total established disease N = 36,398 | Any coronary artery diseasea N = 20,468 | Any cerebrovascular diseasea N = 10,128 | Any peripheral artery diseasea N = 13,256 | Multiple risk factors only N = 41,354 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics (n, %) | ||||||
| Age (median, 25%, 75% range) | 75 (69, 81) | 75 (68, 81) | 74 (67, 81) | 76 (69, 82) | 76 (69, 82) | 76 (70, 81) |
| Vascular disease status (n, %) | ||||||
| Coronary artery disease | 20,468 (26.3) | 20,468 (56.2) | 20,468 (100) | 2511 (24.8) | 3736 (28.2) | 0 (0) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 10,128 (13.0) | 10,128 (27.8) | 2511 (12.3) | 10,128 (100) | 1787 (13.5) | 0 (0) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 13,256 (17.0) | 13,256 (36.4) | 3736 (18.3) | 1787 (17.6) | 13,256 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Polyvascular disease | 6874 (8.8) | 6874 (18.9) | 5667 (27.7) | 3718 (36.7) | 4943 (37.3) | 0 (0) |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score (median, 25%, 75% range) | 4 (3, 5) | 4 (3, 5) | 4 (3, 5) | 5 (4, 6) | 4 (3, 5) | 4 (3, 5) |
| Congestive heart failure | 25,863 (33.3) | 14,902 (40.9) | 9651 (47.2) | 3769 (37.2) | 5480 (41.3) | 10,961 (26.5) |
| Hypertension | 76,610 (98.5) | 35,467 (97.4) | 20,141 (98.4) | 9787 (96.6) | 12,919 (97.5) | 41,143 (99.5) |
| Age ≥75 | 41,835 (53.8) | 19,148 (52.6) | 9988 (48.8) | 5675 (56.0) | 7520 (56.7) | 22,687 (54.9) |
| Diabetes | 37,114 (47.7) | 15,895 (43.7) | 9250 (45.2) | 4174 (41.2) | 6426 (48.5) | 21,219 (51.3) |
| Prior stroke, TIA or thromboembolism | 8741 (11.2) | 7876 (21.6) | 2126 (10.4) | 7094 (70.0) | 1727 (13.0) | 865 (2.1) |
| Vascular disease (prior MI, peripheral artery disease or aortic plaque) | 10,131 (13.0) | 9286 (25.5) | 8624 (42.1) | 1517 (15.0) | 2229 (16.8) | 845 (2.0) |
| Age 65 to 74 | 23,589 (30.3) | 10,280 (28.2) | 6156 (30.1) | 2703 (26.7) | 3637 (27.4) | 13,309 (32.2) |
| Female | 32,047 (41.2) | 14,474 (39.8) | 7034 (34.4) | 4884 (48.2) | 5364 (40.5) | 17,573 (42.5) |
| Risk factors (n, %) | ||||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 2167 (2.8) | 1008 (2.8) | 607 (3.0) | 267 (2.6) | 421 (3.2) | 1159 (2.8) |
| Carotid stenosis | 11,215 (14.4) | 6903 (19.0) | 3623 (17.7) | 2790 (27.5) | 2882 (21.7) | 4312 (10.4) |
| Hypercholesterolemia with treatment | 62,413 (80.3) | 26,804 (73.6) | 16,176 (79.0) | 7291 (72.0) | 9289 (70.1) | 35,609 (86.1) |
| Smoker | 3828 (4.9) | 1960 (5.4) | 1203 (5.9) | 516 (5.1) | 802 (6.1) | 1868 (4.5) |
| Age ≥70 in females or ≥65 in males | 63,183 (81.3) | 28,073 (77.1) | 15,423 (75.4) | 7941 (78.4) | 10,695 (80.7) | 35,110 (84.9) |
| Valvular diseaseb (n, %) | 26,921 (34.6) | 14,695 (40.4) | 9150 (44.7) | 4095 (40.4) | 4974 (37.5) | 12,226 (29.6) |
| Medication use (n, %) | ||||||
| Oral anticoagulants | 49,694 (63.9) | 22,243 (61.1) | 12,065 (58.9) | 6477 (64.0) | 8271 (62.4) | 27,451 (66.4) |
| Non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulantsc | 16,060 (20.7) | 7286 (20.0) | 4014 (19.6) | 2230 (22.0) | 2525 (19.0) | 8774 (21.2) |
| Warfarinc | 36,280 (46.7) | 16,350 (44.9) | 8813 (43.1) | 4744 (46.8) | 6243 (47.1) | 19,930 (48.2) |
| Antiarrhythmics | 18,542 (23.8) | 9008 (24.7) | 5979 (29.2) | 2066 (20.4) | 2867 (21.6) | 9534 (23.1) |
| Amiodarone | 9208 (11.8) | 5199 (14.3) | 3749 (18.3) | 1068 (10.5) | 1657 (12.5) | 4009 (9.7) |
| Dronedarone | 2467 (3.2) | 1142 (3.1) | 729 (3.6) | 245 (2.4) | 367 (2.8) | 1325 (3.2) |
| Other antiarrhythmic agents | 7917 (10.2) | 3221 (8.8) | 1889 (9.2) | 867 (8.6) | 999 (7.5) | 4696 (11.4) |
| Digoxin | 13,325 (17.1) | 5959 (16.4) | 3361 (16.4) | 1546 (15.3) | 2317 (17.5) | 7366 (17.8) |
| ACE/ARB | 48,964 (63.0) | 22,576 (62.0) | 13,428 (65.6) | 5967 (58.9) | 8072 (60.9) | 26,388 (63.8) |
| β‐blockers | 57,513 (74.0) | 27,627 (75.9) | 16,610 (81.2) | 7271 (71.8) | 9775 (73.7) | 29,886 (72.3) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 31,360 (40.3) | 14,211 (39.0) | 7777 (38.0) | 4269 (42.2) | 5307 (40.0) | 17,149 (41.5) |
| Diuretics | 44,505 (57.2) | 21,118 (58.0) | 12,379 (60.5) | 5344 (52.8) | 8122 (61.3) | 23,387 (56.6) |
| Antidiabetic agents | 24,888 (32.0) | 10,523 (28.9) | 6248 (30.5) | 2669 (26.4) | 4215 (31.8) | 14,365 (34.7) |
| Statin | 59,305 (76.3) | 25,676 (70.5) | 15,568 (76.1) | 7023 (69.3) | 8834 (66.6) | 33,629 (81.3) |
| P2Y12 inhibitors | 11,706 (15.1) | 8730 (24.0) | 6406 (31.3) | 2155 (21.3) | 2855 (21.5) | 2976 (7.2) |
| NSAIDs including COX‐2 inhibitors | 11,726 (15.1) | 5510 (15.1) | 3150 (15.4) | 1482 (14.6) | 1984 (15.0) | 6216 (15.0) |
Abbreviations: ACE/ARB, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker; COX‐2, cyclooxygenase‐2 enzyme inhibitors; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.
a
These cohorts overlap each other.
b
Defined according to the Elixhauser comorbidity index.
c
Groups are not mutually exclusive. Patients may have received both medications during the baseline period.