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. 2020 May 18;13:1041–1047. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S252675

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© 2020 Hong et al.

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(A) Experimental design. We used four different kinds of visual stimuli: the back region with or without cupping and the facial region with or without cupping. Both the cupping and control images were presented on one screen at the same time, either on the left or right side of the screen. A fixation cross was displayed at the center of the screen for 1000 ms at the start of each trial. The fixation cross was followed by visual stimuli, which were displayed for 3000 ms. Then, a 2000 ms black screen was presented. (B) Unpleasantness ratings to the images. Both images with cupping marks on the back and on the face showed significantly more unpleasantness than the control images without cupping marks.