Table 2.

Cytokines and neuropeptides that are capable of inducing MC degranulation

Mediator	Receptor, interaction, and results	Ref
SCF	Binds to c-KIT (CD117), induces MC differentiation, survival, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α	[61, 62]
IL-33	Acts through ST2 and induces the release of CCL4 and CXCL8	[63]
Substance P	Acts through NK1R and induces the release of IL-17 and histamine	[25, 64]
Nerve growth factor (NGF)	Binds to TrkA, induces MC hyperplasia and cytokine production Induces the release of β-hexosaminidase in mice peritoneal MC	[65] [66]
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)	Acts through CGRPR and induces serotonin release	[67]