Table 1.

Odds ratios (OR) for any tinnitus, tinnitus as a big problem (TFI ≥ 48) and severe tinnitus (THI ≥ 58), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), according to headache.

	No tinnitus	Any tinnitus			Tinnitus as a big problem (TFI ≥ 48)			Severe tinnitus (THI ≥ 58)
	N (%)	N (%)	OR* (95% CI)	OR° (95% CI)	N (%)	OR* (95% CI)	OR° (95% CI)	N (%)	OR* (95% CI)	OR° (95% CI)
Both sexes
Total	1661 (100.0)	1984 (100.0)	—	—	263 (100.0)	—	—	157 (100.0)	—	—
Headache
No	1421 (85.6)	1458 (73.5)	1^	1^	156 (59.3)	1^	1^	94 (59.9)	1^	1^
Yes	240 (14.4)	526 (26.5)	2.61 (2.19–3.12)	2.19 (1.81–2.64)	107 (40.7)	5.63 (4.10–7.72)	4.29 (2.96–6.22)	63 (40.1)	4.99 (3.41–7.32)	3.80 (2.43–5.94)
Men
Total	563 (100.0)	947 (100.0)	—	—	127 (100.0)	—	—	71 (100.0)	—	—
Headache
No	524 (93.1)	768 (81.1)	1^	1^	87 (68.5)	1^	1^	46 (64.8)	1^	1^
Yes	39 (6.9)	179 (18.9)	3.21 (2.22–4.64)	2.64 (1.80–3.87)	40 (31.5)	7.28 (4.19–12.63)	6.09 (3.26–11.35)	25 (35.2)	8.14 (4.22–15.7)	7.47 (3.55–15.7)
Women
Total	1098 (100.0)	1034 (100.0)	—	—	135 (100.0)	-	-—	85 (100.0)	—	—
Headache
No	897 (81.7)	689 (66.6)	1^	1^	68 (50.4)	1^	1^	47 (55.3)	1^	1^
Yes	201 (18.3)	345 (33.4)	2.49 (2.03–3.06)	2.09 (1.68–2.61)	67 (49.6)	5.51 (3.69–8.22)	4.15 (2.56–6.73)	38 (44.7)	4.20 (2.59–6.80)	2.98 (1.66–5.34)

TFI: Tinnitus Functional Index; THI: Tinnitus Handicap Inventory.

*ORs were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models after adjustment for sex, age, and level of education (model 1). Estimates in bold are statistically significant at 0.05 level.

°ORs were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models after adjustment for sex, age, level of education, and hearing ability (model 2). Estimates in bold are statistically significant at 0.05 level.

^Reference category.