Table 3.
Questionnaire scores from subjects with tinnitus with or without headache.
| Any Tinnitus | Tinnitus as a big problem | Severe tinnitus | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headache (n = 660) mean (SD) | No headache (n = 1879) mean (SD) | Headache (n = 125) mean (SD) | No headache (n = 218) mean (SD) | Headache (n = 79) mean (SD) | No headache (n = 119) mean (SD) | |
| NRS Lo | 44 (25.5) | 39.5 (25.3) | 72.4 (19.3) | 70.6 (19.1) | 76.1 (18.4) | 72.8 (20.0) |
| 3.89, p = 0.0001 (0.0001, −0.10†) | 0.87, p = 0.3829 (0.4248, −0.06†) | 1.08, p = 0.2816 (0.352, −0.09†) | ||||
| NRS Aw | 35.3 (32.3) | 32.9 (31.1) | 73.5 (27.5) | 74 (24.6) | 76.1 (25.5) | 75 (25.4) |
| 1.87, p = 0.0612 (0.0612, −0.05†) | 0.36, p = 0.722 (0.722, −0.02†) | 1.08, p = 0.2816 (0.352, −0.03†) | ||||
| NRS An | 23.3 (27.4) | 19 (24.8) | 62.4 (28.0) | 58.9 (26.2) | 68.7 (27.2) | 64.4 (26.9) |
| 4.6, p < 0.0001 (<0.0001, −0.12†) | 1.26, p = 0.2059 (0.2574, −0.08†) | 1.29, p = 0.1978 (0.2697, −0.11†) | ||||
| THI | 26.6 (22.9) | 19.9 (19.2) | 62.4 (19.0) | 57.4 (18.3) | 75.3 (11.4) | 72 (12) |
| 7.09, p < 0.0001 (<0.0001, −0.19†) | 2.3, p = 0.0212 (0.0353, −0.15†) | 2.15, p = 0.0319 (0.0684, −0.18†) | ||||
| TFI | 26.6 (23.2) | 20.2 (19.8) | 65.8 (12.4) | 62.1 (11.9) | 69.6 (14.2) | 64.4 (16.2) |
| 6.07, p < 0.0001 (<0.0001, -0.16†) | 2.91, p = 0.0036 (0.0068, -0.18†) | 2.48, p = 0.0131 (0.0393, -0.21†) | ||||
| PSQ | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.2) |
| 13.08, p < 0.0001 (<0.0001, −0.34†) | 4.54, p < 0.0001 (0.0003, −0.29†) | 2.94, p = 0.0033 (0.0248, −0.25†) | ||||
| HADS_A | 7.8 (4.4) | 5.5 (3.9) | 10.6 (4.4) | 8.7 (4.5) | 11.8 (4.2) | 10.1 (4.5) |
| 11.59, p < 0.0001 (<0.0001, −0.3†) | 3.58, p = 0.0003 (0.0011, −0.23†) | 2.58, p = 0.01 (0.0393, −0.22†) | ||||
| HADS_D | 4.7 (3.7) | 3.3 (3.2) | 7.6 (3.9) | 6.4 (3.9) | 8.3 (4.0) | 7.5 (4.1) |
| 9.15, p < 0.0001 (<0.0001, −0.24†) | 2.99, p = 0.0028 (0.006, −0.19†) | 1.66, p = 0.0962 (0.1566, −0.14†) | ||||
| FTQ | 5.1 (2.9) | 4.6 (2.6) | 8.1 (3.2) | 8.3 (2.9) | 9 (3.0) | 9.6 (2.7) |
| 3.85, p = 0.0001 (0.0001, −0.1†) | −0.85, p = 0.3965 (0.4248, 0.05†) | −1.63, p = 0.1033 (0.1566, 0.14†) | ||||
| TCS | 14.9 (11.5) | 11.7 (9.8) | 28.1 (11.0) | 26.9 (9.4) | 31.4 (9.6) | 30.4 (8.7) |
| 6.02, p < 0.0001 (<0.0001, −0.16†) | 1.53, p = 0.1259 (0.1717, −0.1†) | 0.93, p = 0.3542 (0.4087, −0.08†) | ||||
| HQ | 20.2 (9.3) | 15.5 (8.9) | 26.3 (7.7) | 23.3 (8.8) | 27.3 (8.0) | 25.5 (8.8) |
| 11, p < 0.0001 (<0.0001, −0.29†) | 3.14, p = 0.0017 (0.0043, −0.2†) | 1.62, p = 0.1044 (0.1566, −0.14†) | ||||
| QoL Phy | 14.4 (2.9) | 16.1 (2.5) | 12 (2.7) | 13.7 (2.7) | 11.6 (2.8) | 13 (2.7) |
| −13.63, p < 0.0001 (<0.0001, 0.36†) | −5.29, p < 0.0001 (0.0003, 0.34†) | −3.14, p = 0.0017 (0.0248, 0.26†) | ||||
| QoL Psy | 13.9 (2.9) | 15.2 (2.5) | 11.8 (2.9) | 13 (2.8) | 11.1 (2.8) | 12.3 (2.8) |
| −10.32, p < 0.0001 (<0.0001, 0.27†) | −3.55, p = 0.0004 (0.0012, 0.23†) | −2.49, p = 0.0129 (0.0393, 0.21†) | ||||
| QoL Social | 13.6 (3.2) | 14.4 (3) | 12.2 (3.6) | 13.2 (3.3) | 12.3 (3.2) | 12.7 (3.6) |
| −5.26, p < 0.0001 (<0.0001, 0.14†) | −2.25, p = 0.0248 (0.0372, 0.14†) | −0.58, p = 0.5591 (0.599, 0.05†) | ||||
| QoL Env | 15.5 (2.4) | 16.5 (2.1) | 13.9 (2.4) | 15 (2.6) | 13.9 (2.5) | 14.7 (2.7) |
| −9.81, p < 0.0001 (<0.0001, 0.25†) | −3.99, p < 0.0001 (0.0003, 0.26†) | −2.25, p = 0.0245 (0.0613, 0.19†) | ||||
Values are mean (± SD). Pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon’s tests are reported below the compared values. P values adjusted for multiple comparisons are shown between parenthesis together with Cliff’s δ (noted †). Abbreviations: Numerical Ratings Score (NRS), Tinnitus loudness (Lo), Awareness (Aw), Annoyance (An), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), Fear of Tinnitus Questionnaire (FTQ), Tinnitus Catastrophising Scale (TCS), Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scales for Anxiety (HADS A) and depression (HADS D), Quality of Life (QoL) subscales from the World Health Organization: Physical (Phy), Psychological
(Psych), Social (Soc), and Environmental (Env). Estimates in bold are statistically significant at 0.05 level.