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. 2020 May 22;10:8536. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65621-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Intracellular levels of citrate in control and metformin- and AICAR-treated HepG2 cells. Cells were cultured either in 20-mM glucose medium (a) or 5-mM glucose medium (b) and treated with or without 1 mM AICAR or 10 mM metformin for 24 h. Following this treatment, cells were exposed to 200 µM citrate for 30 min in a NaCl-containing uptake buffer. Cells were then collected and used for measurement of citrate. Data represent mean ± S.D. (n = 6). *P < 0.05 indicates a significant difference vs the corresponding control.