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. 2020 May 22;10:8546. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64881-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experimental timeline for studying sleep and LFP changes during the virgin EST cycle, PREG, PP period and PW in female rats. The effects of mother-pup separation were also studied during the PP period. 4-h gentle handling sleep deprivation sessions were performed to study homeostatic sleep regulation during the virgin EST cycle, PREG and three consecutive thirds of the PP period. Note that the scheme shows an ideal case, some experiment lasted longer because mating session needed repetition. Furthermore, most but not all rats involved in the present study were subjected to all experiments depicted on the scheme.