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. 2020 May 22;10:8546. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64881-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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S-W amounts for the 12:12 hours LPs-DPs, respectively, during the virgin EST cycle (n = 10) and the PW EST cycle (n = 5), respectively (Panels A–C). Panel D shows the summarized number of REM sleep epochs for the 12:12 hours LPs-DPs, respectively. MET duration was taken to be 24 hours, DIE 48 hours (DIE 1st day and DIE 2nd day) while PRO and EST 12–12 hours, respectively. Black asterisks (*) indicate significant difference compared to the LP and DP values, respectively, of DIE2 day values as reference. Black hashes (#) indicate significant deviation of the PW light- and DP data, respectively, from corresponding virgin EST cycle data belonging to the same stage of the EST cycle. Significance was tested with two-way ANOVA with time and treatment as factors, followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. Significance levels: *, # - p < 0.05; **, ##- p < 0.01; ***, ### - p < 0.001. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M.