Table 1.
Summary of key findings.
| maternal stage/treatment | sleep changes | LFP changes | SWS deprivation | REM deprivation | number of corrseponding figure(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| virgin EST cycle |
W ↓, SWS ↑ during MET LP W ↑, SWS ↓, REM ↓ during EST |
delta, theta, beta, gamma ↑ during MET LP; theta ↓, alpha/sigma ↓, gamma ↑ during EST |
strong rebound in sleep and strong delta power increase during recovery | overcompensation by the end of the day | 2., S1 (sleep); 3. (LFP); 8., 9. (SD) |
| pregnancy 1st half | W ↑ (in LP); SWS ↓, REM ↓ (in LP) | delta, theta, alpha/sigma ↓, beta ↑ (in LP) | strong rebound in sleep and strong delta power increase during recovery | overcompensation by the end of the day | 4., S2 (sleep); 5., S3 (LFP); 8., 9. (SD) |
| pregnancy 2nd half | REM ↓ | beta ↑ (in LP), gamma ↑ (in DP) | n/a. | n/a. | 4., S2 (sleep); 5., S3 (LFP) |
| early postpartum baseline | W ↑, SWS ↓ (in LP), REM ↓ (in LP) |
delta, theta ↓; beta, gamma ↓ (in LP) delta, theta ↑ (in DP) |
weak rebound and slight delta power increase during recovery | overcompensation by the end of the day | 4., S2 (sleep); 5., S3 (LFP); 8., 9. (SD) |
| early postpartum pup separation | no change | no change | n/a. | n/a. | 6., S4 (sleep); 7. (LFP) |
| middle postpartum baseline | W ↓, SWS ↑ | delta ↑ (in DP); theta ↓, alpha/sigma ↓ (in LP) | no rebound in sleep, moderate increase in delta power during recovery | overcompensation by the end of the day | 4., S2 (sleep); 5., S3 (LFP); 8., 9. (SD) |
| middle postpartum pup separation | W ↑ (in DP), SWS ↓ (in DP) | theta ↑; beta ↑ (in LP) | n/a. | n/a. | 6., S4 (sleep); 7. (LFP) |
| late postpartum baseline | REM ↓ (in DP) | delta, theta, alpha/sigma ↓ (in LP); delta, theta ↑ (in DP); | moderate rebound in sleep, marginal increase in delta power during recovery | exact compensation by the end of the day | 4., S2 (sleep); 5., S3 (LFP); 8., 9. (SD) |
| late postpartum pup separation | REM ↓ (in LP) | delta ↑, beta ↑ (in LP) | n/a. | n/a. | 6., S4 (sleep); 7. (LFP) |
| post-weaning EST cycle | W ↑, SWS ↓, REM ↑ (during DIE1 LP); REM ↓ (during DIE2 DP) | delta, gamma ↓; beta ↑ (in LP) | n/a. | n/a. | 2., S1 (sleep); 3. (LFP) |
The table contains the major results in simplified format. See Results and Methods sections for details and appropriate baselines used for the comparisons. Symbols: ↑ - increase; ↓ - decrease. Abbreviations: EST – estrus; DP – dark phase; LFP – local field potential; LP – light phase; MET – metestrus; n/a – non-applicable; REM – rapid eye movements sleep; SWS – slow wave sleep; W – wakefulness.