. 2020 Apr 2;27(16):20321–20334. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08495-9

Table 2.

Mean biomarker responses (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT] activities and levels of total glutathione [GSH] and lipoperoxidation [TBARS] in great tit nestlings in different environments (Kujawy region: (A) sodium manufactures; (B) agricultures; (C) and control (Tuchola Forestry)

	Livers				Kidneys
Environment	N	Mean	SD	p	N	Mean	SD	p
Fe [mg*kg⁻¹]
A	38	1523.618	677.436	0.003^AB	38	540.547	168.070	0.027^BC
B	44	2273.033	1070.169	0.002^BC	44	550.553	155.961	1.000^AB
C	41	1483.592	783.369	1.000^AC	41	466.900	167.205	0.165^AC
Cu [mg*kg⁻¹]
A	38	12.658	2.780	< 0.001^AC	38	11.780	18.244	0.001^AC
B	44	15.064	6.572	0.050^BC	44	9.289	4.307	0.032^BC
C	41	19.039	8.686	0.213^AB	41	13.096	10.525	0.691^AB
Co [mg*kg⁻¹]
A	38	0.015	0.012	< 0.001^AB	38	0.012	0.011	< 0.001^AC
B	44	0.027	0.016	0.024^AC	44	0.020	0.027	0.001^BC
C	41	0.024	0.014	0.627^BC	41	0.031	0.022	0.202^AB
Mn [mg*kg⁻¹]
A	38	5.359	1.296	< 0.001^AC	38	9.676	2.100	< 0.001^AC
B	44	5.280	1.406	< 0.001^BC	44	10.202	2.774	< 0.001^BC
C	41	6.836	1.318	1.000^AB	41	16.568	6.324	1.000^AB
SOD [U/ml]
A	38	0.060	0.027	0.002^AB	38	0.125	0.049	0.003^BC
B	44	0.090	0.048	0.068^AC	43	0.120	0.054	0.931^AB
C	41	0.088	0.051	0.773^BC	41	0.165	0.078	0.096^AC
CAT [nmol/min/ml]
A	38	280.950	58.018	0.049^AB	38	111.643	39.841	< 0.001^AC
B	44	243.724	68.767	< 0.001^AC	43	141.541	49.775	< 0.001^BC
C	41	200.123	53.356	0.003^BC	41	65.207	33.550	0.057^AB
GSH [μM]
A	38	47.492	20.165	0.108^AB	38	4.974	2.625	0.047^AC
B	44	58.097	17.587	0.070^AC	43	3.534	2.473	< 0.001^BC
C	41	57.516	22.991	1.000^BC	40	6.790	3.268	0.070^AB
TBARS [nmol/ml]
A	38	1.048	0.282	< 0.001^AB	38	0.989	0.592	0.043^AB
B	40	1.357	0.242	0.001^AC	44	1.229	0.687	1.000^AC
C	41	0.759	0.266	< 0.001^BC	35	0.947	0.780	0.080^BC

Mean values are presented as Fe, Cu, Co, and Mn concentration [mg*kg⁻¹], SOD [U/ml], CAT [nmol/min/ml], GSH [μM], TBARS [nmol/ml], SD standard deviation, p − p value for multiple comparisons between environments (upper index): A (areas located in the vicinity of soda plants), B (agriculture sites), C (unpolluted sites). The bold p indicates a significant difference (p > 0.05) between environment indicated in the upper index