Table 3.

Comparison of ADMA, NO, VEGF, and PLGF levels in the serum or placenta between the two groups

Concentration	Control	FGR	P values
Maternal peripheral blood
1st T	n = 12	n = 12
ADMA (μmol/L)	1.684 ± 0.236	2.709 ± 0.272	< 0.001***
NO (μmol/L)	24.74 ± 8.69	17.72 ± 6.30	0.034*
VEGF (pg/mL)	935.97 ± 117.87	994.26 ± 108.00	0.220
PLGF (pg/mL)	305.27 ± 29.69	276.60 ± 49.87	0.101
2nd T	n = 12	n = 12
ADMA (μmol/L)	2.122 ± 0.269	2.742 ± 0.404	< 0.001***
NO (μmol/L)	20.27 ± 5.55	16.16 ± 5.44	0.080
VEGF (pg/mL)	1082.36 ± 187.74	1115.43 ± 190.92	0.673
PLGF (pg/mL)	303.54 ± 41.03	290.38 ± 71.27	0.583
3rd T	n = 12	n = 12
ADMA (μmol/L)	2.620 ± 0.428	2.358 ± 0.340	0.111
NO (μmol/L)	18.63 ± 4.46	15.12 ± 2.83	0.031*
VEGF (pg/mL)	1115.17 ± 209.96	911.53 ± 162.24	0.014*
PLGF (pg/mL)	311.18 ± 45.06	239.47 ± 38.90	< 0.001***
After delivery	n = 12	n = 12
ADMA (μmol/L)	2.489 ± 0.230	2.454 ± 0.456	0.817
NO (μmol/L)	16.97 ± 2.40	15.62 ± 1.21	0.096
VEGF (pg/mL)	1017.60 ± 143.87	984.49 ± 156.06	0.594
PLGF (pg/mL)	270.57 ± 68.68	273.15 ± 49.25	0.917
Cord blood	n = 20	n = 20
ADMA (μmol/L)	2.448 ± 0.422	2.978 ± 1.028	0.039*
NO (μmol/L)	19.65 ± 6.30	15.70 ± 6.21	0.053
VEGF (pg/mL)	1051.15 ± 146.61	1038.93 ± 148.25	0.795
PLGF (pg/mL)	288.46 ± 57.18	254.52 ± 53.60	0.041*
Placental tissue	n = 16	n = 16
ADMA (μmol/g)	3.491 ± 0.678	4.108 ± 0.933	0.041*
NO (μmol/g)	30.79 ± 7.45	25.41 ± 6.89	0.025*

Values are expressed as mean ± SD

FGR fetal growth restriction, ADMA asymmetric dimethylarginine, NO nitric oxide, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, PLGF placental growth factor, T trimester

*P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001