Table 3.

The effect of various doses of metformin on developmental potential of 2-cell-stage embryos cultured in KSOM

Metformin dose (mg/kg body weight)		0	50	100	200
No. of females		07	05	08	08
No. of 2-cell-stage embryos retrieved		25.29 ± 4.05	24.00 ± 3.21	22.13 ± 3.96	30.63 ± 5.34
No. of unfertilized oocytes		1.14 ± 0.86	1.00 ± 0.63	0.38 ± 0.26	0.63 ± 0.38
No. of fragmented oocytes		1.43 ± 0.81	1.00 ± 1.00	1.63 ± 0.60	3.00 ± 1.20
No. of 2-cell-stage embryos cultured		177	120	177	247
Morula rate (%)		99.44 (176)	100 (120)	98.87 (175)	93.12 (230)
Blastocyst rate (%)	3.5 dpc	66.67 (118)	71.67 (86)	59.32 (105)e	50.61 (125)b,g
	4.5 dpc	98.31 (174)	100 (120)	97.18 (172)	85.43 (211)c,h,k
Hatching rate (%)	3.5 dpc	5.08 (9)	4.17 (5)	0.57 (1)a	1.21 (3)a
	4.5 dpc	48.59 (86)	55.83 (67)	44.07 (78)	33.20 (82)b,h,i
Fragmented embryos at 4.5 dpc (%)		1.69 (3)	0	2.26 (4)	12.55 (31)c,h,k
Total cell number		108.12 ± 4.58	95.92 ± 2.42	95.28 ± 3.62	89.53 ± 2.45b
Apoptotic index (%)		2.51 ± 0.45	1.98 ± 0.37	3.18 ± 0.44	1.87 ± 0.27

Data were expressed as mean ± SE and percentage. Data in parentheses represents the actual number of embryos at respective stages of development

^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.0001 vs control

^eP < 0.05, ^fP < 0.01, ^gP < 0.001, ^hP < 0.0001 vs the 50 mg/kg group

ⁱP < 0.05, ^jP < 0.01, ^kP < 0.001 vs the 100 mg/kg group