Fig. 1. Fat-specific knockout of DsbA-L reduced energy expenditure in mice.

a The activities of DsbA-L^fKO (n = 8) and loxp control (n = 8) mice was measured during a 48-h period, including two light/dark cycles. b The mRNA levels of DsbA-L in inguinal WAT (iWAT) (n = 5) and BAT (n = 5) were determined by qPCR and normalized to β-actin. c Immunoblot analysis of DsbA-L, UCP1, PGC1α expression in epididymal WAT (eWAT), iWAT and BAT from C57BL/6 wild-type mice (n = 3). d Oxygen consumption of DsbA-L^fKO and loxp control mice was measured during a 48-h period, including two light/dark cycles. e Core body temperature of DsbA-L^fKO (n = 5) and loxp control (n = 6) mice at room temperature (24 °C) in the feeding condition. f Core body temperature of DsbA-L^fKO and loxp control mice exposed to cold (4 °C) in the feeding condition at different time points as indicated. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of biologically independent samples, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 by unpaired two-tailed t-test.