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. 2020 May 22;10:8568. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65684-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect sizes of yield, shoot biomass, shoot N utilization efficiency (SNUE), N uptake efficiency (NUpE), grain N utilization efficiency (GNUE) and partial factor productivity of N (PFPN) classified by gene categories. Only datasets with more than 10 observations were analyzed. BSRP: biotic stress related protein. TF: transcription factors. Error bars represent 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals (CIs). The effects of genetic transformation were considered significant if the 95% CIr of the effect size did not overlap with zero. The number of observations for each category are shown next to the error bars.