Table 2.
The proportion [confidence interval (95%CI)] of the study population who had a 10-years risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) ≥ 7.5%, ≥ 5%, ≥ 5%, and ≥ 10% based on related risk assessment tools in individuals with and without obesity defined by different obesity indices
| Obesity indices (BMI) | BMI < 30 in men and women |
BMI ≥ 30 in men and women |
P* |
BMI < 30 in men and women |
BMI ≥ 30 in men and women |
P* |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk assessment tools | Men (n = 1623) | Women (n = 1287) | ||||||
| A risk of ≥ 7.5% based on pooled cohort equations of ACC/AHA £ | 54.46 (51.76-57.16) | 62.04 (57.44-66.64) | 0.0060 | 28.54 (24.77-32.32) | 24.12 (21.13-27.11) | 0.0710 | ||
| A risk of ≥ 5% based on SCORE equations for low risk European countries £ | 10.28 (8.66-11.90) | 10.47 (7.63-13.31) | 0.9130 | 2.23 (1.03-3.43) | 2.03 (1.08-2.99) | 0.8030 | ||
| A risk of ≥ 5% based on SCORE equations for high risk European countries £ | 24.44 (22.15-26.73) | 25.00 (20.99-29.01) | 0.8140 | 5.49 (3.64-7.34) | 4.91 (3.44-6.38) | 0.6270 | ||
| A risk of ≥ 10% based on the Framingham general cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care £ | 50.47 (47.76-53.18) | 59.02 (54.35-63.68) | 0.0020 | 21.62 (18.18-25.06) | 21.86 (18.98-24.74) | 0.9180 | ||
| Obesity indices (WC) |
WC < 102 in men |
WC ≥ 102 in men |
P* |
WC < 88 in women |
WC ≥ 88 in women |
P* |
||
| Risk assessment tools | Men (n = 1623) | Women (n = 1287) | ||||||
| A risk of ≥ 7.5% based on pooled cohort equations of ACC/AHA £ | 52.95 (50.27-55.63) | 67.55 (63.00-72.10) | < 0.0010 | 18.32 (13.86-22.78) | 27.90 (25.20-30.60) | 0.0010 | ||
| A risk of ≥ 5% based on SCORE equations for low risk European countries £ | 9.73 (8.17-11.29) | 12.80 (9.61-15.98) | 0.0710 | 1.66 (0.22-3.10) | 2.23 (1.37-3.09) | 0.5370 | ||
| A risk of ≥ 5% based on SCORE equations for high risk European countries £ | 22.75 (20.54-24.96) | 30.80 (26.40-35.20) | 0.0080 | 4.30 (2.01-6.59) | 5.35 (4.03-6.67) | 0.4640 | ||
| A risk of ≥ 10% based on the Framingham general cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care £ | 48.74 (46.06-51.42) | 65.34 (60.71-69.97) | < 0.0010 | 12.46 (8.65-16.26) | 24.20 (21.62-26.78) | < 0.0010 | ||
| Obesity indices (WHR) |
WHR < 0.9 in men |
WHR ≥ 0.9 in men |
P* |
WHR < 0.85 in women |
WHR ≥ 0.85 in women |
P* |
||
| Risk assessment tools | Men (n = 1623) | Women (n = 1287) | ||||||
| A risk of ≥ 7.5% based on pooled cohort equations of ACC/AHA £ | 42.27 (38.33-46.21) | 63.86 (61.06-66.65) | < 0.0010 | 10.41 (7.49-13.32) | 32.93 (29.90-35.96) | < 0.0010 | ||
| A risk of ≥ 5% based on SCORE equations for low risk European countries £ | 6.70 (4.74-8.66) | 12.43 (10.55-14.31) | 0.0010 | 0.45 (-0.17-1.07) | 2.86 (1.82-3.90) | 0.0340 | ||
| A risk of ≥ 5% based on SCORE equations for high risk European countries £ | 16.11 (13.23-18.99) | 29.16 (26.57-31.75) | < 0.0010 | 1.81 (0.57-3.05) | 6.64 (5.08-8.02) | 0.0010 | ||
| A risk of ≥ 10% based on the Framingham general cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care £ | 36.80 (32.95-40.65) | 61.04 (58.20-63.87) | < 0.0010 | 6.87 (4.46-9.28) | 28.47 (25.56-31.38) | < 0.0010 | ||
| Obesity indices (WHtR) |
WHtR < 0.5 in men and women |
WHtR ≥ 0.5 in men and women |
P* |
WHtR < 0.5 in men and women |
WHtR ≥ 0.5 in men and women |
P* |
||
| Risk assessment tools | Men (n = 1623) | Women (n = 1287) | ||||||
| A risk of ≥ 7.5% based on pooled cohort equations of ACC/AHA £ | 38.87 (33.56-44.18) | 60.38 (57.83-62.93) | < 0.0010 | 10.45 (3.12-17.77) | 26.64 (24.22-29.06) | 0.0030 | ||
| A risk of ≥ 5% based on SCORE equations for low risk European countries £ | 6.57 (3.91-9.22) | 11.32 (9.70-12.94) | 0.0100 | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 2.22 (1.43-3.00) | 0.2080 | ||
| A risk of ≥ 5% based on SCORE equations for high risk European countries £ | 15.22 (11.38-19.07) | 26.78 (24.52-29.04) | < 0.0010 | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 5.40 (4.19-6.60) | 0.0460 | ||
| A risk of ≥ 10% based on the Framingham general cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care £ | 33.31 (28.18-38.44) | 57.05 (54.47-59.63) | < 0.0010 | 7.46 (1.17-13.75) | 22.43 (20.14-24.72) | 0.0040 | ||
£
The proportion (percentage) of individuals with a 10-year risk of CVD of ≥ 0.075 for pooled cohort equations, ≥ 0.05 for SCORE equations (both low and high risk countries versions), and ≥ 0.1 for the Framingham general cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care
*
Significance level was considered at P < 0.0500.
BMI: Body mass index; ACC/AHA: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association; SCORE: Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation; WC: Waist circumference; WHR: Waist to hip ratio; WHtR: Waist to height ratio; CVD: Cardiovascular disease