Table 3.
Univariate analysis showing the association between the patients’ baseline clinical, sociodemographic, and treatment-related characteristics with PFS and OS (n = 99).
| OS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p |
| Age, years | ||||
| <60 (n = 40) [ref: > 60 (n = 59)] | 0.596 (0.315–1.128) | 0.112 | 0.682 (0.377–1.233) | 0.205 |
| Sex | ||||
| women (n = 18) [ref: men (n = 81)] | 0.424 (0.164–1.095) | 0.076 | 0.808 (0.389–1.678) | 0.567 |
| ECOG | ||||
| 2 (n = 1) [ref: 0–1 (n = 98)] | – | – | 2.766 (0.377–20.314) | 0.317 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Former (n = 45) [ref: never (n = 4)] | 1.289 (0.302–5.5) | 0.731 | 0.673 (0.203–2.235) | 0.518 |
| Current (n = 50) | 1.054 (0.243–4.568) | 0.944 | 0.494 (0.146–1.664) | 0.255 |
| T stage (n = 98) | ||||
| cT2 (n = 36) [ref: cT1 (n = 28)] | 1.178 (0.548–2.534) | 0.675 | 1.295 (0.614–2.732) | 0.497 |
| cT3 (n = 34) | 1.179 (0.538–2.585) | 0.681 | 1.68 (0.789–3.576) | 0.178 |
| Number of positive lymph nodal stations | ||||
| >1 (n = 40) [ref: 1 (n = 59)] | 1.172 (0.642–2.142) | 0.605 | 1.176 (0.662–2.089) | 0.581 |
| Mediastinal lymph node size | ||||
| ≥3 cm (n = 3) [ref: < 3 cm (n = 96)] | 1.183 (0.285–4.904) | 0.817 | 1.339 (0.324–5.534) | 0.687 |
| Histology (n = 98) | ||||
| Squamous (n = 43) [ref: Adenocarcinoma & others (n = 55)] | 1.266 (0.695–2.304) | 0.441 | 1.074 (0.603–1.913) | 0.808 |
| Histopathological mediastinum confirmation before neoadjuvant treatment | ||||
| Yes (n = 57) [ref: No (n = 42)] | 1.746 (0.917–3.322) | 0.090 | 1.359 (0.749–2.468) | 0.313 |
| Neoadjuvant treatment | ||||
| CRT (n = 47) [ref: CHT (n = 52)] | 0.925 (0.5–1.711) | 0.804 | 0.825 (0.459–1.484) | 0.521 |
| Radiological re-evaluation prior to resection (RECIST criteria) | ||||
| No response (SD, DP) (n = 4) [ref: Response (CR, PR) (n = 95)] | 1.476 (0.355–6.127) | 0.592 | 2,001 (0.62–6.461) | 0.246 |
| Pathological mediastinal evaluation (n = 40) | ||||
| Positive (n = 5) [ref: Negative (n = 35)] | 1.617 (0.356–7.345) | 0.534 | 2.077 (0.585–7.374) | 0.258 |
| Interval to surgery after completion of induction treatment (n = 98) | ||||
| >3 to ≤6 weeks, (n = 22) [ref:0-3 wk (n = 1)] | 0.397 (0.049–3.186) | 0.384 | 0.438 (0.056–3.432) | 0.432 |
| >6 to ≤9 weeks, (n = 32) | 0.336 (0.043–2.620) | 0.298 | 0.342 (0.044–2.647) | 0.304 |
| >9 to ≤12 weeks, (n = 16) | 0.591 (0.074–4.722) | 0.620 | 0.535 (0.067–4.258) | 0.555 |
| >12 weeks, (n = 27) | 0.422 (0.055–3.269) | 0.409 | 0.418 (0.054–3.223) | 0.402 |
| Pathologic stage ypT | ||||
| ypT3 to ypT4(n = 12) [ref: ypT0 to ypT2 (n = 87)] | 4.233 (2.06–8.698) | 0.000 | 4.964 (2.466–9.989) | 0.000 |
| Pathologic stage ypN | ||||
| ypN1-3 (n = 30) [ref: ypN0 (n = 69)] | 1.759 (0.958–3.231) | 0.068 | 2.701 (1.518–4.808) | 0.001 |
| Margin status (n = 98) | ||||
| R1/R2 (n = 4) [ref: R0 (n = 94)] | 1.107 (0.151–8.108) | 0.920 | 2.002 (0.484–8.282) | 0.338 |
| Surgery type | ||||
| Lobectomy (n = 84) [ref: Pneumonectomy (n = 15)] | 0.741 (0.328–1.67) | 0.469 | 0.733 (0.342–1.573) | 0.426 |
| Downstaging | ||||
| Yes (n = 72) [ref: No (n = 27)] | 0.566 (0.306–1.047) | 0.070 | 0.353 (0.198 - 0.631) | 0.000 |
| Pathologic complete response (pT0pN0) | ||||
| Yes (n = 26) [ref: No (n = 73)] | 0.47 (0.197–1.12) | 0.088 | 0.519 (0.242–1.113) | 0.092 |
OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; HR, hazard ratio.
Bold values signifies statistically significant results.