Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics associated with e-cigarette use among smokers in six states and regions of Myanmar in 2018.
| Characteristics | N | (%)# | E-cig use |
PR | (95%CI) | aPR | (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | (%)^ | |||||||
| Total | 629 | (1 0 0) | 73 | (11.6) | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 13–17 | 218 | (34.7) | 45 | (20.6) | 8.99 | (4.13–19.56)* | 1.70 | (0.64–4.49) |
| 18–29 | 104 | (16.5) | 20 | (19.2) | 8.38 | (3.64–19.24)* | 3.68 | (1.35–10.07)* |
| ≥30 | 305 | (48.5) | 7 | (2.3) | ref | Ref | ||
| Missing | 2 | (0.3) | 1 | (50.0) | ||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 546 | (86.8) | 71 | (13.0) | NE | NE | ||
| Female | 71 | (11.3) | 0 | (0.0) | ||||
| Missing | 12 | (1.9) | 2 | (16.7) | ||||
| Marital Status | ||||||||
| Single | 297 | (47.2) | 62 | (20.9) | 8.19 | (3.99–16.82)* | NE | |
| Ever married | 314 | (49.9) | 8 | (2.5) | Ref | |||
| Missing | 18 | (2.9) | 3 | (16.7) | ||||
| Student | ||||||||
| Yes | 191 | (30.4) | 53 | (27.7) | 6.08 | (3.74–9.87)* | 3.88 | (2.00–7.56)* |
| No | 438 | (69.6) | 20 | (4.6) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Highest education | ||||||||
| Primary | 168 | (26.7) | 2 | (1.2) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Secondary | 397 | (63.1) | 63 | (15.9) | 13.33 | (3.30–53.85)* | 3.73 | (0.77–18.14) |
| College and above | 44 | (7.0) | 7 | (15.9) | 13.36 | (2.88–62.09)* | 3.53 | (0.61–20.32) |
| Missing | 20 | (3.2) | 1 | (5.0) | 4.2 | (0.40–44.27) | 5.25 | (0.40–68.58) |
| Monthly income (MMK) | ||||||||
| <100,000 | 40 | (6.4) | 2 | (5.0) | Ref | Ref | ||
| 100,000 to 299,000 | 317 | (50.4) | 29 | (9.1) | 1.83 | (0.45–7.38) | 0.85 | (0.21–3.40) |
| 300,000 to 499,000 | 145 | (23.1) | 12 | (8.3) | 1.66 | (0.39–7.09) | 0.46 | (0.12–1.81) |
| ≥500,000 | 47 | (7.5) | 17 | (36.2) | 7.23 | (1.78–29.42)* | 1.15 | (0.29–4.50) |
| Missing | 80 | (12.7) | 13 | (16.3) | 3.25 | (0.77–13.71) | 1.08 | (0.27–4.30) |
| Cigarettes smoked per day | ||||||||
| 1–4 | 362 | (57.6) | 35 | (9.7) | Ref | Ref | ||
| 5–9 | 87 | (13.8) | 10 | (11.5) | 1.19 | (0.61–2.31) | 1.55 | (0.83–2.91) |
| 10–19 | 17 | (2.7) | 3 | (17.6) | 1.83 | (0.62–5.34) | 1.34 | (0.44–4.12) |
| ≥20 | 21 | (3.3) | 7 | (33.3) | 3.45 | (1.74–6.82)* | 4.70 | (2.46–8.94)* |
| Missing | 142 | (22.6) | 18 | (12.7) | 1.31 | (0.77–2.24) | 1.32 | (0.80–2.19) |
| Participants State/Region | ||||||||
| Naypyitaw | 102 | (16.2) | 6 | (5.9) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yangon | 105 | (16.7) | 6 | (5.7) | 0.97 | (0.32–2.91) | 0.62 | (0.20–1.95) |
| Bago | 84 | (13.4) | 4 | (4.8) | 0.81 | (0.24–2.77) | 0.61 | (0.17–2.20) |
| Mandalay | 117 | (18.6) | 29 | (24.8) | 4.21 | (1.82–9.74)* | 2.54 | (1.12–5.76)* |
| Shan | 119 | (18.9) | 9 | (7.6) | 1.29 | (0.47–3.49) | 0.73 | (0.26–1.20) |
| Kayin | 102 | (16.2) | 19 | (18.3) | 3.17 | (1.32–7.60)* | 1.35 | (0.56–3.29) |
E-cig = E-cigarette; # = Column percentage; ^ = Row percentage; PR = Prevalence Ratio; aPR = Adjusted Prevalence Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; Ref = Reference group; NE = not estimated.
*
= statistically significant with p value < 0.05; Marital status was not included in the adjusted analysis due to collinearity with age and student variables; smokeless tobacco use was not included as it was not statistically significant in unadjusted analysis; prevalence ratio was not estimated for sex as there were no events in female gender; 1 US Dollar = 1500 MMK.