Table 1.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of associations between sociodemographic, gambling and mental health variables and the three poker modality trajectories.
| All poker players | Unstable poker vs. Stable land-based poker (ref) (trajectory #2 vs. #1) |
Stable online poker vs. Stable land-based poker (ref) (trajectory #3 vs. #1) |
Stable online poker vs. Unstable poker (ref) (trajectory #3 vs. #2) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Female | 36 (11.8) | 1.46 (0.47–4.53) | 1.36 (0.64–2.92) | 0.94 (0.28–3.09) |
| Completed high school or higher level | 295 (97.0) | 2.00 (0.24–16.74) | 5.74 (0.70–47.33) | 2.87 (0.18–46.97) |
| Gambling behaviors | ||||
| Number of gambling activitiesa,b | 3.9 (2.3)c | 0.71 (0.59–0.85)*** | 0.84 (0.75–0.94)** | 1.19 (0.99–1.43)† |
| Illusion of control | 19.1 (16.0)c | 1.03 (1.00–1.05)* | 1.02 (1.00–1.03)* | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) |
| Severity of gambling problemsa | 1.8 (2.4)c | 1.13 (0.97–1.31) | 1.18 (1.06–1.32)** | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) |
| Mental health | ||||
| At-risk alcohol or drug usea | 120 (39.5) | 0.96 (0.47–1.94) | 0.95 (0.57–1.56) | 0.99 (0.48–2.06) |
| Anxietyd | 3.7 (5.8)c | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) |
| Depressiond | 3.0 (4.8)c | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) |
| Impulsivity | 12.2 (11.4)c | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) † | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) |
| Multivariate analysis | AOR (95% CI) | |||
| Number of gambling activitiesa,b | 3.9 (2.3)c | 0.66 (0.55–0.80)*** | 0.77 (0.68–0.87)*** | 1.17 (0.97–1.41) |
| Severity of gambling problemsa | 1.8 (2.4)c | 1.27 (1.07–1.50)** | 1.28 (1.13–1.45)*** | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) |
| Total | 304 (100.0) | |||
Legend: OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio.
a
Past 12 months.
b
Excluding poker.
c
Mean (SD, Standard Deviation).
d
Past week.
†
Wald’s test: p < 0.10.
*
Wald’s test: p < 0.05.
**
Wald’s test: p < 0.01.
***
Wald’s test: p < 0.001.