Table 1.
Characteristics of smokers, long-term ex-smokers and recent ex-smokers at baseline (n = 994).
| Total (N = 994) n (%) |
Smokers (N = 649) n (%) |
Long-term ex-smokersa (N = 291) n (%) |
Recent ex-smokersb (N = 54) n (%) |
Comparison | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education | Low (no University) | 531 (53.4) | 324 (49.9) | 176 (60.5) | 31 (57.4) | χ2 = 9.366, p = .009 |
| High (any University) | 463 (46.6) | 325 (51.1) | 115 (39.5) | 23 (42.6) | ||
| Annual Income | Under £6501–30,000 | 443 (44.6) | 280 (43.1) | 142 (48.8) | 21 (38.9) | χ2 = 3.345, p = .188 |
| £30,001 and overc | 551 (55.4) | 369 (56.9) | 149 (51.2) | 33 (61.1) | ||
| Paid employment last 12 months | Yes | 289 (29.1) | 178 (27.4) | 93 (32.0) | 18 (33.3) | χ2 = 2.503, p = .286 |
| No | 705 (70.9) | 471 (72.6) | 198 (68.0) | 36 (66.7) | ||
| Age | 18–39 | 425 (42.8) | 320 (49.3) | 85 (29.2) | 20 (37.0) | χ2 = 33.918, p < .001 |
| 40–55+ | 569 (57.2) | 329 (50.7) | 206 (70.8) | 34 (63.0) | ||
| Gender | Female | 416 (41.9) | 259 (39.9) | 136 (46.7) | 21 (38.9) | χ2 = 4.055, p = .132 |
| Male | 578 (58.1) | 390 (60.1) | 155 (53.3) | 33 (61.1) | ||
| Ethnic groupd | White | 896 (91.4) | 574 (89.8) | 264 (95.8) | 46 (86.8) | χ2 = 10.673, p = .005 |
| Not White | 84 (8.6) | 65 (10.2) | 12 (4.2) | 7 (13.2) | ||
| Vaping status | Daily | 590 (59.4) | 293 (45.1) | 256 (88.0) | 41 (75.9) | χ2 = 159.244, p < .001 |
| Non-daily | 404 (40.6) | 356 (54.9) | 35 (12.0) | 13 (24.1) | ||
| MITSE | Want and intent to stop | 492 (49.5) | 333 (51.3) | 122 (41.9) | 37 (68.5) | χ2 = 15.345, p < .001 |
| Don’t want/intent to stop | 502 (50.5) | 316 (48.7) | 169 (58.1) | 17 (31.5) | ||
| SUTS-E | Slight/Moderatee | 715 (71.9) | 455 (70.1) | 222 (76.3) | 38 (70.4) | χ2 = 3.870, p=.144 |
| Strong/very strong/extremely strong | 279 (28.1) | 194 (29.9) | 69 (23.7) | 16 (29.6) | ||
| SUTSf | Slight/Moderatee | 517 (63.4) | 366 (56.4) | 104 (92.0) | 47 (87.0) | χ2 = 66.627, p < .001 |
| Strong/very strong/extremely strong | 299 (36.6) | 283 (43.6) | 9 (8.0) | 7 (13.0) |
Notes. Significant associations (p < .05) are highlighted in bold. MITSE = Motivation and intention to stop using e-cigarettes within the next three months. SUTS-E = Strength of Urges to use e-cigarettes. SUTS = Strength of urges to smoke.
Participants who stopped smoking completely more than three months before the last survey.
Participants who stopped smoking completely three months or less before the last survey.
Including “Don’t know/Prefer not to say.
Participants who responded: “Don’t know/Prefer not to say” (n = 14) were excluded.
Including No urges at all/Don’t know.
Ex-smokers who stopped more than 1 year ago (n = 178) were not asked for urges to smoke.