Table 1.

Crude opioid prescribing rates and crude opioid-overdose death rates, Michigan, 2013–2017.

Year	All counties Crude rate	All rural counties Crude rate	All urban counties Crude rate
Opioid prescribing rates
2013	98,708	103,326	97,682
2014	102,409	109,135	100,918
2015	107,689	117,062	105,616
2016	104,039	113,679	101,913
2017	95,284	104,419	93,272
Opioid-overdose death rates
2013	8.95	5.22	9.78
2014	10.49	7.23	11.21
2015	13.27	8.63	14.29
2016	17.92	9.58	19.76
2017	20.60	12.13	22.46

Note. Counties defined as urban (RUCC = 1–3) and rural (RUCC = 4–9). Opioid prescribing data reflects the number of opioid agonists and partial agonist prescriptions dispensed, per 100,000 people. Opioid-overdose death rates reflect the number of deaths in which an opioid was identified as a contributing cause, per 100,000 people. Bivariate differences are presented in Table 2 using non-parametric tests to minimize the influence of outlier values (i.e., among counties with small populations and/or a small number of cases for either outcome). We could not make urban-rural comparisons in bivariate analyses using crude urban and crude rural rates with only two points of data for each year.